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1.
J Biosci ; 2020 Jul; : 1-10
Artigo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-214264

RESUMO

Various animal models, especially rodents, are used to study pain, due to the difficulty of studying it inhumans. Many drugs that produce analgesia have been studied and there is evidence among whichNSAIDs deserve to be highlighted. Dexketoprofen (DEX) provides a broad antinociceptive profile indifferent types of pain; therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the profile of antinociceptivepotency in mice. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid abdominal constriction test(writhing test), a chemical model of visceral pain. Dose-response curves for i.p. DEX administration (1,3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg), using at least six mice in each of at least five doses, was obtained before and30 min after pre-treatment with different pharmacological agents. Pretreatment of the mice with opioidreceptor antagonists was not effective; however, the serotonin receptor antagonist and nitric oxidesynthase inhibitor produce a significant increase in DEX-induced antinociception. The data from thepresent study shows that DEX produces antinociception in the chemical twisting test of mice, which isexplained with difficulty by the simple inhibition of COX. This effect appears to be mediated by othermechanisms in which the contribution of the NO and 5-HT pathways has an important effect on DEXinduced antinociception.

2.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(1): 151-159, 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510403

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fentanyl addition is a common practice when administering spinal anesthesia. Intrathecal fentanyl has been associated to increased postoperative pain and increase morphine consumption, but considered to be related to acute opioid tolerance. This prospective, randomized, blind study evaluates the effect of intrathecal fentanyl in the development of secondary hyperalgesia, measured with Von Frey filaments, in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament repair. METHODS: 46 patients having anterior cruciate ligament repair, received intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 13.5 mg with fentanyl 20 mcg or no fentanyl addition. Light touch pain threshold was measured with von Frey filaments before anesthesia, at 6 and 24 hours post anesthesia in the non-operated thigh and in the forearm. Visual analogue pain scores and morphine consumption were also measured at the same time. RESULTS: Baseline thresholds to mechanical stimuli were similar in both groups. In the forearm, analysis showed a decreased threshold for the non-fentanyl group at 24 h p = 0.036. In the lower extremity, control and treatment group showed lower thresholds (secondary hyperalgesia) p = 0.002 but no difference between them p = 0.795. VAS score and morphine consumption did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal fentanyl added to hyperbaric bupivacaine showed no evidence of an augmented state of hyperalgesia after ACL repair, neither by pain threshold modification nor clinical outcomes. On the contrary, at 24 h, fentanyl may have a protective effect at levels above the spinal block.


ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: El uso de fentanilo es una práctica común en la administración de anestesia espinal. Su aplicación se ha asociado a un aumento del dolor post operatorio y a un aumento en el uso de morfina; por otro lado, se ha vinculado a una tolerancia aguda a opioides. El siguiente estudio prospectivo, randomizado y ciego, evalúa los efectos del fentanilo intratecal en la aparición de hiperalgesia secundaria, medida a través de filamentos Von Frey, en pacientes operados de ligamento cruzado anterior. METODOLOGÍA: Se incluyeron a 46 pacientes operados de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) con una dosis intratecal de bupivacaína hiperbárica de 13,5 mg; con y sin la adición de fentanilo de 20 mcg. Se midió el umbral del dolor mecánico, a través de filamentos Von Frey, antes de la anestesia, a las 6 y 24 horas postanestesia en el muslo no operado y en el antebrazo. Al mismo tiempo, se midió la puntuación del dolor en la escala verbal numérica (EVN) y el consumo de morfina. RESULTADOS: Los umbrales basales ante la estimulación mecánica resultaron similares en ambos grupos. En el antebrazo, el análisis mostró una disminución del umbral en el grupo de pacientes sin fentanilo, a las 24 h, p = 0,036 comparado con uso de fentanilo. En el muslo, el grupo control y tratamiento mostró umbrales más bajos (hiperalgesia secundaria) p = 0,002; no obstante, no se mostraron diferencias entre ellos. No se mostraron diferencias entre las puntuaciones de la EVN y el consumo de morfina en los dos grupos. CONCLUSIÓN: No hay evidencia que la adición de fentanilo espinal, a la dosis de bupivacaína hiperbárica, haya contribuido a un aumento en la hiperalgesia tras la reparación del LCA, medido por la modificación del umbral del dolor, ni en los resultados clínicos. Al contrario a las 24 h fentanilo puede tener un efecto protector de la hiperalgesia secundaria sobre el nivel del bloqueo espinal.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Fentanila/efeitos adversos , Reconstrução do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Raquianestesia , Dor Pós-Operatória/induzido quimicamente , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Estudos Prospectivos , Limiar da Dor , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem
3.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(1): 146-150, 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510402

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of the patients' position in obtaining a good quality image of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa by anesthesiology trainees. METHODS: First and 2nd year residents of our anesthesiology program scanned de right popliteal fossa of a unique subject. The subject laid in 3 different positions (supine, lateral and prone). Before the scanning, residents reviewed a video showing basic ultrasound probe management and images of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa. Time elapsed upon receiving the ultrasound probe and obtaining a good quality image was measured (at least 70% counter definition and 3 clearly identified structures within the nerve). An evaluator (blinded to the subject position) determined during real time observation the quality of the image. Residents completed a questionnaire regarding the experience lived. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 26 residents completed the study. There were no statistical differences in the overall time needed by residents to obtain a good quality image in the 3 different positions. Although 96% felt that position influenced the ability to obtain good image. From this experience residents would prefer to do an US guided popliteal block on the prone position.


OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la influencia de la posición del paciente en la obtención de una imagen de calidad del nervio ciático a nivel poplíteo por médicos en formación del programa de anestesiología. METODOLOGÍA: Médicos en formación del programa de Anestesiología examinarán desde la cara posterior la fosa poplítea derecha de un único sujeto en tres posiciones diferentes. Previamente serán expuestos a un video del uso del ecógrafo y de imágenes del nervio ciático a nivel poplíteo. Se consignará el tiempo desde que reciben el transductor hasta obtener imagen del nervio ciático con al menos 70% de definición de contorno y más de 3 estructuras visibles en su interior. Un investigador en tiempo real, ciego a la posición del modelo, decidirá si la imagen cumple los criterios. Finalmente completan una encuesta sobre apreciación subjetiva de la experiencia. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Se evaluaron 26 residentes en total. No hubo deferencias en el tiempo que necesitaron para obtener una imagen de buena calidad del nervio ciático a nivel de la fosa poplítea en las distintas posiciones.


Assuntos
Humanos , Nervo Isquiático/diagnóstico por imagem , Posicionamento do Paciente , Anestesiologia/educação , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Postura , Fatores de Tempo , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ultrassonografia , Internato e Residência
4.
Rev. chil. cir ; 70(1): 84-91, 2018. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-899662

RESUMO

Resumen La terapia anticoagulante es ampliamente utilizada en la práctica clínica, como profilaxis en pacientes con riesgo de presentar fenómenos tromboembólicos o como tratamiento en aquellos que han presentado algún evento trombótico. Cada vez es más frecuente enfrentarse a pacientes en tratamiento anticoagulante crónico que serán intervenidos mediante procedimientos quirúrgicos, por lo que es importante y necesario conocer el manejo perioperatorio de los diferentes fármacos anticoagulantes, para disminuir los riesgos y complicaciones asociados a la suspensión o mantención de estos en el período perioperatorio. Para lograr este objetivo se debe evaluar y balancear el riesgo de sangrado versus el riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos, considerando la condición médica de cada paciente y el tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico que recibirá. La recomendación para fármacos anticoagulantes orales antagonistas de vitamina K es mantenerlos en cirugías con bajo riesgo de sangrado y suspenderlos 5 días antes de procedimientos quirúrgicos con riesgo hemorrágico moderado y alto, controlando el international normalized ratio el día previo a la cirugía. Los nuevos anticoagulantes orales no requieren monitorización de rutina, recomendándose suspenderlos a las 24-96 h previas al procedimiento quirúrgico, dependiendo del riesgo hemorrágico de cada cirugía y de la función renal. En relación con los anticoagulantes parenterales, la heparina no fraccionada en infusión intravenosa se recomienda suspenderla 4-5 h antes de la cirugía, mientras que la utilizada vía subcutánea, 12 h previas a la intervención quirúrgica. Las heparinas de bajo peso molecular en dosis de tratamiento se sugiere descontinuarlas 24 h previas a la cirugía, mientras que las usadas en dosis profilácticas, solo 12 h antes.


Anticoagulant therapy is widely used in clinical practice, as prophylaxis in patients at risk of presenting thromboembolic phenomena or as treatment in those who have presented a thrombotic event. It is increasingly the number of patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy to undergo surgical procedures, so it is important and necessary to know the perioperative management of the different anticoagulant drugs to reduce the risks and complications associated with suspension or maintenance of these in the perioperative period. To achieve this goal, the risk of bleeding should be evaluated and balanced against the risk of thromboembolic events, considering the medical condition of each patient and the type of surgical procedure to which they have undergone. The recommendation for vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant drugs is to maintain them for surgeries at low risk of bleeding and to suspend them 5 days before surgical procedures with moderate and high bleeding risk, controlling 'International Normalized Ratio' the day before surgery. The new oral anticoagulants do not require routine monitoring, recommending suspending them 24-96 h prior to the surgical procedure, depending on the hemorrhagic risk of each surgery and renal function of patient. In relation to parenteral anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin in intravenous infusion is recommended to be discontinued 4-5 h prior to surgery, while the subcutaneous route, 12 h prior to surgery. Low-molecular-weight heparins in treatment doses should be suspended 24 h prior to surgery, while in prophylactic doses, only 12 h earlier.


Assuntos
Humanos , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Vitamina K/antagonistas & inibidores , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Medição de Risco , Cumarínicos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores do Fator Xa/administração & dosagem , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle
7.
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162102

RESUMO

Introduction: Superior cerebellar artery is the most constant among the cerebellar arteries and is almost always present, sometimes it can be double, and more rarely, triple. Methods: We report the case of a 72-yr male patient who came to hospital in whom cerebral angiography was performed because of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results: cerebral angiography showed the unusual presence of an embryonic right posterior cerebral artery, associated with triplication of the right superior cerebellar artery. Conclusion: Th e tripling of the SCA is seen in only 7% of angiographic abnormalities and rarely is associated with posterior communicating artery aneurysms and embryonic posterior cerebral artery, as in our case.


Assuntos
Idoso , Angiografia Cerebral , Anormalidades Congênitas , Humanos , Masculino , Artéria Cerebral Posterior/anormalidades , Artéria Cerebral Posterior/diagnóstico
9.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 73(3): 251-256, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-692334

RESUMO

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 36 años con síndrome de silla turca vacía primaria (STVP) caracterizado por cefalea, estrechamiento concéntrico periférico progresivo de la visión y oligomenorrea, quien fue sometida a remodelamiento selar con colocación de un autoinjerto intraselar. La evolución postoperatoria fue con mejoría importante del defecto campimétrico, en ambos ojos.


We report the case of a 36 year old woman with primary empty sella syndrome (PESS) and symptoms consisting in headache, progressive concentric peripheral narrowing of vision and oligomenorrhea, who underwent sellar remodeling with placement of an intrasellar autograft. Post operative course showed bilateral improvement in campimetric defect.

10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(2): 207-213, feb. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627628

RESUMO

Background: In Chile, the number of sick leaves due to mental health problems has systematically increased in recent years. Aim: To perform an analysis of sick leaves due to mental problems managed by the Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA) during 2008. Material and Methods: Analysis of all sick leaves awarded during 2008for mental or behavioral problems, that were managed at FONASA. A negative binomial regression, was performed to predict the effects of different variables on the total duration of sick leaves. Results: A total of546,477 sick leaves were awarded to 198,752 individuals (2.27per subject). The mean duration of each leave was 15.6 days. Summing all leaves, the lapse off work was 98 ± 96 days (median 65 days). Women had longer leaves than men. The type of medical leave, occupation, working for private or public institutions, economic activity and diagnosis were significantly associated with duration of time off work. Conclusions: Sick leaves for mental problems are prolonged and related to gender and socioeconomic variables.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Ocupações/estatística & dados numéricos , Licença Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/classificação , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Ocupações/classificação , Análise de Regressão , Distribuição por Sexo , Licença Médica/classificação , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 38(3): 290-299, set. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-608787

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to analyze television advertisements from different TV channels which are part of the Chilean National Television Association. During one week in January and one week in February of 2010 the advertisements were screened. The analysis selected and classified food's advertising as healthy, moderately healthy and unhealthy based on food's critic nutritional components: total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates and sodium using as reference a classification chart called "Traffic Light System" and created by the UK Food Standard Agency. Sixty thousand four hundred and twenty five (6.425) advertisements were registered and analyzed accounting for 56 hours and 36 minutes in total. One thousand forty five (1.045) advertisements were identified as food advertisements (16 percent) accounting for 7 hours and 42 minutes (14 percent) of the total. Nutritional labels of the products were studied in order to classify and select them as described above. From the total offood advertisements it was observed that 64 percent were related to unhealthy food; 27 percent to moderately healthy and 9 percent to healthy food; accounting for respectively 62 percent, 30 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of the total time reported on food advertisement. Food advertisements are mostly unhealthy, promoting food consumption with high levels of fat, sugar and sodium. The broadcasting of this type of advertisements by television promotes the population to follow unhealthy life styles which result in a deterioration of their health.


El objetivo de este estudio, fue describir la Publicidad Alimentaria emitida por los canales pertenecientes a la Asociación Nacional de Televisión. En una semana de enero y una de febrero del año 2010 se seleccionó y clasificó la publicidad alimentaria emitida como saludable, medianamente saludable y no saludable, en base al contenido de nutrientes críticos; grasa total, grasa saturada, hidratos de carbono simples y sodio. Se utilizó como criterio de referencia, la tabla de clasificación de la Agencia Nacional de Alimentos de Inglaterra, denominada "semáforo nutricional". Se registraron y analizaron 6425 anuncios correspondientes a 56 horas 36 minutos continuas de tiempo, de ellos, se identificaron 1045 anuncios alimentarios (16 por ciento), equivalente en tiempo a 7 horas 42 minutos (14 por ciento) del total. Se examinaron las etiquetas nutricionales de los productos para la selección y calificación en saludable, medianamente saludable y no saludable. Se observó, que del total de la publicidad alimentaria, el 64 por ciento correspondió a publicidad alimentaria no saludable; el 27 por ciento, a publicidad alimentaria medianamente saludable y, el 9 por ciento publicidad alimentaria saludable, con un tiempo de emisión de un 62 por ciento, 30 por ciento y 8 por ciento, respectivamente. La publicidad alimentaria emitida es principalmente no saludable, promueve el consumo de alimentos altos en grasa, azúcar y sodio. La televisión al emitir esta publicidad promueve e incentiva a la población a llevar estilos de vida no saludables, en desmedro de la salud de la población.


Assuntos
Humanos , Sódio , Televisão , Açúcares , Publicidade de Alimentos , Gorduras , Chile
12.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(3): 172-178, 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-547806

RESUMO

El cáncer de endometrio es una neoplasia ginecológica relevante en todo el mundo, con cambios acelerados en su manejo. La cirugía es el tratamiento de elección, pero puede llegar a tener una alta tasa de complicaciones y retraso en el inicio de terapias adyuvantes por el trauma quirúrgico que provoca. Este artículo revisa el rol de la laparoscopia en el manejo de las pacientes con cáncer endometrial, haciendo hincapié en su seguridad oncológica, beneficios y complicaciones. Al comparar la vía clásica por laparotomía, la laparoscopia, en manos experimentadas, tiene similares resultados respecto de sobrevida, recurrencia y etapificación completa, pero con una menor tasa de complicaciones. La vía endoscópica podría ser la herramienta del futuro en el manejo del cáncer de endometrio.


Endometrial cancer is a relevant gynecologic neoplasm, with accelerated changes in its management. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but it can have a high rate of complications and delay in adjuvant therapies due to the surgical trauma that it inflicts. This article reviews the role of laparoscopy in the management of women with endometrial cancer, highlighting the oncologic safety, benefits and complications. Comparing laparotomy with laparoscopy, in experienced hands, it has the same results concerning to survival, recurrence and complete staging, with a lower rate of complications. Celioscopy could be the tool of the future in the management of endometrial cancer.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Laparoscopia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Laparotomia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias do Endométrio/mortalidade , Recidiva , Análise de Sobrevida
13.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-583493

RESUMO

En el artículo se presentan y discuten los resultados de la evaluación realizada a 44 trabajadores referidos por el Instituto de Seguridad Laboral, como presuntos portadores de un trastorno mental de origen laboral. Metodología: se trata de un estudio exploratorio, para el cual se combinaron entrevistas psicolaborales semi estructuradas, entrevistas psiquiátricas estandarizadas, y entrevista psiquiátrica tradicional. Resultados: 85 por ciento de los casos presenta un trastorno mental actual, mayoritariamente depresivo, atribuible al trabajo. Como origen del malestar, la gran mayoría de los entrevistados refiere problemas interpersonales al interior del trabajo, en especial, conflictos con la jefatura. Discusión: la proporción de casos calificados como laborales en este estudio contrasta fuertemente con lo que ocurre en las mutualidades de empleadores. Ello, más la dificultad para identificar un perfil claro que diferencie a quienes presentan un trastorno mental laboral de uno común, lleva a preguntarse sobre la pertinencia de la ley y del marco institucional chileno para proteger la salud mental de los trabajadores.


The article presents and discusses the results of the evaluation of 44 workers sent by the Instituto de Seguridad Laboral as they presumably may suffer from a work-related mental disorder. Methodology: this is an exploratory research based on a combination of psychological semi-structured interviews (focus on the interviewee’s work condition), standardized psychiatric interviews and traditional psychiatric interviews. Results: 85 percent of cases present work-related mental disorder, most of them depressive, accountable to work conditions. As the origin of their discomfort, the vast majority of the interviewees refer interpersonal problems at work, especially, conflicts with their leaderships. Discussion: the proportion of cases diagnosed as work-related in this study strongly differs of what happens at the Mutuales de Empleadores, which in addition to the difficulties to identify a clear profile that distinguish those who present a work-related mental disorder from those who do not, leads us to question the pertinence of the current Chilean law and institutional framework to protect workers’ mental health.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Ocupacional , Satisfação no Emprego , Transtornos Mentais , Trabalho
14.
Rev. biol. trop ; 56(2): 447-458, jun. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-637651

RESUMO

Morphology and cytochemistry of Aedes aegypti’s cell cultures (Diptera: Culicidae) and susceptibility to Leishmania panamensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). The first cellular line of Aedes aegypti was developed by Grace in 1966; afterwards, other cellular lines of this species have been generated. These have been used for the study of pathogenic organisms like viruses, bacteria and parasites, which demonstrates their importance in biomedical applications. This research describes, for the first time, some cytochemical characteristics of A. aegypti cell cultures, that were infected with (MHOM/CO/87CL412) strain of Leishmania panamensis. A morphological study of the cell culture was also carried out. Maintenance of the cell culture, parasites and infection in vitro were carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology, Cell Biology and Genetics of the Universidad de La Salle. The cell cultures infected with the parasite were maintained in a mixture of mediums Grace/L15, supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) at pH 6.8 and a temperature of 26 ºC, during 3, 6 and 9 post-infection days. After this, these cell cultures were processed through High Resolution Light Microscopy (HRLM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) based on standard protocols defined by the Group of Microscopy and Image Analyses of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Semi-fine slices of 1 µm colored with toluidine blue were used for the morphological analysis of the culture, and ultra fine cuts of 60 to 90 nm stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate where used for the ultrastructural study. In addition, PAS and peroxidase staining was carried out in cells fixed with methanol. The morphometric study was analyzed with software ImageJ (NIH). In the semi-fine slices, small cells were observed showing fibroblastic appearance 10.84±2.54 µm in length and 5.31±1.26 µm wide; other cells had epithelial appearance with a great peripheral nucleus, voluminous and vacuolated cytoplasm, 23.04±4,00 µm in length and 13.96±3.70 µm wide. These last ones predominated over the ones with fibroblastic appearance. Regarding the PAS coloration, 7.08 % of the cells presented abundant PAS positive cytoplasmatic granules which indicated polysaccharides presence. The peroxidase test gave a negative result. The greatest percentage of infection (18.90 %) of one total of 101 cells, turned up by day 6. Some cells analyzed by TEM presented a vacuolated aspect cytoplasm; some contained parasites, other fibrillar material and others were empty. The results indicate that A. aegypti cell culture can support the internalization and transformation of the parasite, which demonstrates the capacity that these cell cultures have to be infected with L. panamensis and to maintain the infection for approximately one week. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 447-458. Epub 2008 June 30.


La primera línea celular de Aedes aegypti fue establecida por Grace en 1966 y desde entonces se han utilizado para el estudio de virus, bacterias y parásitos. En el presente trabajo se describen, por primera vez, algunas características citoquímicas de los cultivos celulares de A. aegypti, infectados con la cepa (MHOM/CO/87CL412) de Leishmania panamensis. También se realizó un estudio morfológico de las células del cultivo. Se observaron 30 células pequeñas con apariencia fibrolastoide de 10.84±2.54 µm de largo y 5.31±1.26 µm de ancho; otras 30 presentaron apariencia epitelioide con 23.04±4.00 µm de largo y 13.96±3.70 µm de ancho; éstas últimas predominaron sobre las de apariencia fibroblastoide. De 113 células, un 7.08%, presentaron abundantes gránulos citoplasmáticos positivos con la coloración de PAS, indicando presencia de polisacáridos. La prueba de peroxidasa dio un resultado negativo. El mayor porcentaje de infección (18.90%), de un total de 101 células, se presentó el día 6. Ultraestructuralmente, las células presentaron un citoplasma con aspecto vacuolado; algunas contenían parásitos, otras material fibrilar y otras estaban vacías. Los resultados indican que los cultivos celulares de A. aegypti pueden ser infectados por L. panamensis y mantener dicho proceso por aproximadamente una semana.


Assuntos
Animais , Aedes , Leishmania guyanensis/fisiologia , Aedes/química , Aedes/citologia , Aedes/parasitologia , Aedes/ultraestrutura , Células Cultivadas , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(8): 1056-1063, ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-466488

RESUMO

Despite advances in treatment, chronic heart failure still is associated with a poor prognosis and remains a leading cause of cardiovascular death. Cumulating evidence suggests that imbalances in redox state lead to a higher generation of reactive oxygen species. This phenomenon, along with pro-inflammatory cytokine activation and extra cellular matrix alterations with reactive fibrosis, play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure, through the development of endothelial and myocardial dysfunction. The understanding of the underlying phenomena and the metabolic pathways involved will allow further development of therapies aiming to change the natural history of heart failure.


Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Metaloproteases/análise , Metaloproteases/fisiologia
16.
Bol. Asoc. Méd. P. R ; 95(6): 26-31, Nov.-Dec. 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-411119

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics of headache to determine the distribution of antimigraine medication use by specialty of treating physician and the cost of the treatment of headache, among suffers by type of employee (health professionals vs. others). BACKGROUND: The services of a Headache Center are usually offered to the employees of the hospital in which the Center is localized; however, the number and related outcomes of employees who use the Center services versus those who use primary care facilities remain unknown in Puerto Rico. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 350 out of 415 (84.3) employees of one of the private hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico regarding their management of headache. The data collected included age, gender, occupation, headache intensity and frequency, type of treating physician and medication use. Contingency tables were used to describe statistical associations among categorical variables. Pearson's chi square test or Fisher's exact test was used to assess significance. RESULTS: Nearly 75 of employees suffers headaches on a regular basis. Among these, 25 classified the headache as severe, 20.3 had 5 or more attacks per month, 62.1 reported that productivity was affected and 85 lost 1-2 days of work per month due to headache attacks. Approximately 20 visit a physician when they suffer a headache, and more than one-third visits a specialist. Only 2.34 of the employees used antimigraine medications (triptans). The use of triptans was more common among those employees attending a specialist for headache treatment than those attending primary care physicians (p < 0.05). A similar finding was observed for employees attending a neurologist versus other physicians (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that headache attacks are prevalent and affect productivity and the cost for this institution was near dollars 4,400.00 per month. Despite the frequency and intensity of headache, less than one-fourth seek medical evaluation. Prescription ofspecific antimigraine medication was more common among specialists suggesting a more aggressive management for headache


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Cefaleia/complicações , Transtornos da Cefaleia/complicações , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Cefaleia/tratamento farmacológico , Unidades Hospitalares , Hospitais Privados , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Prevalência , Porto Rico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos da Cefaleia/tratamento farmacológico
17.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 18(1): 6-10, jan. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-334974

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 63 años de edad con antecedente de quemadura en miembro superior derecho durante la primera infancia, sin otros datos de importancia. Presenta un tumor ulcero vegetante localizado en la cicatriz de la quemadura de un año de evolución, de 22 x 15 cm, fijo a planos profundos, acompañado de sangrado y adenomegalias axilares, histocitopatología demostró un carcinoma epidermoide moderadamente diferenciado. En una revisión de rutina, seis meses subsiguientes a su tratamiento, se descubre un nódulo en el cuadrante superior externo de la glándula mamaria derecha, de 2 cm de diámetro, duro, móvil, irregular y no doloroso. La mastografía demostró una lesión nodular; de alta densidad, de contorno irregular, sin microcalcificaciones; el ultrasonido mamario confirmó una lesión sólida. Se estableció el diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide mamaria Etapa clínica 1 por TI No Mo.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma de Apêndice Cutâneo
18.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 68(4): 337-342, 2003. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-364616

RESUMO

La incompetencia cervical se caracteriza por la dilatación progresiva del cuello uterino en ausencia de contracciones uterinas. Esta condición es causa de aborto de segundo trimestre y parto prematuro. Clásicamente el tratamiento ha sido el cerclaje cervical, cuya utilidad, sin embargo, no ha sido demostrada. La evidencia disponible, y el uso clínico habitual sugiere que el grupo de pacientes con historia clínica característica de incompetencia cervical (abortos repetidos de segundo trimestre secundarios a dilatación cervical pasiva), se beneficiarían del cerclaje cervical en forma electiva entre las 12-14 semanas. Sin embargo, la evidencia no es concluyente respecto de cuál es la mejor opción terapéutica para las pacientes sin historia característica, pero en riesgo de incompetencia cervical (acortamiento cervical ecográfico o antecedente de parto prematuro). Se requiere de estudios randomizados de buen diseño para resolver la pregunta en cada grupo.


Assuntos
Feminino , Gravidez , Cerclagem Cervical/métodos , Incompetência do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Incompetência do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Aborto Espontâneo , Complicações na Gravidez
19.
Rev. méd. Hosp. Gen. Méx ; 63(2): 98-102, abr.-jun. 2000. ilus, graf, CD-ROM
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-302850

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia de la Unidad de Tumores Mamarios y Radioterapia del Servicio de Oncología del Hospital General de México en el manejo del cáncer mamario con cirugía conservadora. Diseñoo: Estudio clínico, retrospectivo, no comparativo. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron los pacientes sometidos a cirugía conservadora y radioterapia en el periodo comprendido de enero de 1994 a junio de 1999, con diagnóstico de cáncer mamario etapa clínica 0, I, II, confirmado por citología o histología. Fueron excluidas aquellas pacientes con seguimiento menor a seis meses e información incompleta en el expediente. La actualización de datos se realizó por contacto telefónico o visita médica en consultorio. Resultados: Se realizaron 49 cirugías conservadoras de la mama; de éstas se excluyeron tres. Se presentaron dos recurrencias sistémicas al quinto año de seguimiento. El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue de 26 meses. El intervalo libre de enfermedad promedio fue de 60 meses, y la supervivencia global a cinco años fue de 83 por ciento. Conclusiones: Los resultados de estos cinco años evaluados son al menos equivalentes a lo reportado en series con pacientes con estadios clínicos similares tratados con mastectomía. El resultado cosmético fue de bueno a excelente en el 83 por ciento de los casos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama , Mastectomia Segmentar , Recidiva , Neoplasias da Mama
20.
Rev. méd. Hosp. Gen. Méx ; 63(2): 128-131, abr.-jun. 2000. ilus, tab, graf, CD-ROM
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-302855

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 29 años de edad, con carcinoma de células claras rico en glucógeno en la mama derecha. Este tumor es poco frecuente y representa el primer caso constituido exclusivamente por células claras visto en el Hospital General de México. El tumor presentó un patrón de crecimiento ductal, con focos de infiltración; estaba compuesto por células claras, con abundante glucógeno intracitoplásmico, positivo a la tinción de ácido peryódico de Schiff (PAS). Los oncogenes P53 y CER" resultaron positivos, la citometría de imagen mostró una población diploide. La paciente ha evolucionado sin datos de actividad tumoral después de 43 meses de seguimiento.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma , Neoplasias da Mama , Meios de Contraste
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