RESUMO
O fumo é um forte indicador de risco para implantes osseointegrados e os insucessos estão relacionados com as fases envolvidas durante o processo de reparo e Osseointegração, além da sobrevida dos implantes em decorrência do aumento da incidência de peri-implantite e mucosite peri-implantar, e como consequência em alguns casos a perda do implante. A nicotina representa a substância de maior expressão e toxicidade nos cigarros sobre os tecidos da cavidade oral. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo revisar a literatura associando a influência e o risco do tabagismo à importância da saúde peri-implantar para previsibilidade do tratamento. Há estudos que também concluíram que o fumo aumenta o risco de peri-implantite e perda óssea peri-implantar. Assim, podemos concluir que o tabaco influencia negativamente na osseointegração e sobrevida dos implantes de titânio, devido aos efeitos citotóxicos das suas substâncias.
Smoke is one of the main factors on the Osseointegrated implants failure. The cases of nonsuccess are related to the phases involved in the osseointegration procedure, also the survival rate of the implants diminish in occasion of increased gingivitis, peri-implantitis, consequently generating the loss of the implant. Nicotine is the most representative substance in cigarettes, thus many of the subsequent effects on the body are related to it. Along these lines the present study intends to review literature associating the influence of smoking and its effects on patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis. The literature review showed that periodontal tissues health is very important to the osseointegration, because the cases of peri-implantitis identified in patients with previous periodontitis are common.There are also studies that concluded that smoking raises the risk of peri-implantitis and peri-implant bone loss. However, recent systematic revisions have not demonstrated significant difference in the implant failure among smokers and non-smokers. Yet, there are in literature enough scientific data that prove the negative effects of nicotine and smoking in the process of tooth repair and its many phases. Therefore, inside the limits of this study and considering the material addressed in the literature review, it is possible to conclude that tobacco has negative influence on osseointegration and the survival rate of titanium implants.