Percutaneous Suspensory Stabilization of Chronic Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) Dislocation Using an Adjustable Loop Endobutton Construct: Case Report / Fixação suspensiva percutânea de luxação crônica da articulação radioulnar distal (ARUD) usando um dispositivo de endobutton de laço ajustável: Relato de caso

Abstract Chronic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation has been treated historically with complex osteotomies and reconstructive procedures, often resulting in intractable stiffness and loss of function. It is desirable to use a technique of fixation that will not only restore the wrist biomechanics but also be cosmetically appealing to the individual. We present a novel technique of reduction and fixation of a chronically dislocated DRUJ in a 26-year-old male using a minimally invasive approach, with successful restoration of DRUJ function and no postoperative complications.

Resumo Luxação crônica da articulação radioulnar distal (ARUD) foi tratada historicamente com osteotomias complexas e procedimentos reconstrutivos, geralmente resultando em rigidez intratável e perda de função. É desejável usar uma técnica de fixação que não apenas restaure a biomecânica do punho, mas também seja esteticamente atraente para o indivíduo. Apresentamos uma nova técnica de redução e fixação de uma ARUD deslocada cronicamente em um homem de 26 anos, usando uma abordagem minimamente invasiva, com restauração bem-sucedida da função da ARUD e sem complicações pós-operatórias.

Isolation and therapeutic efficacy of enteropathogenic E. coli phage cocktail against colibacillosis in neonatal goats

Phage based therapeutics have shown promising results against the infections caused by the drug resistant bacteria. To combat the problem of antibiotic resistance posed by diarrhoeagenic E. coli, here, we identified and characterized 38 E. coli phages which were isolated from 70 solid sources (goat-faeces and soil). The in vitro lytic range of phage isolates (n=38) against 439 isolates of E. coli was found between 16 and 53%. Three phage isolates with highest host range showed lytic efficacy against 53, 48 and 46% of E. coli isolates, respectively. A preparation with above three phages was developed, and the phages of the preparation were found stable at wide range of temperature, pH and chloroform treatment. Endotoxin content of the preparation was found below the threshold level and it also passed safety and sterility tests. a total of 40 diarrheic goat kids were administered orally with the therapeutic phage preparation for two days twice daily. Total 21 diarrheic goat-kids were successfully treated using the therapeutic phage preparation, whereas 19 kids could not be treated (success rate: 52.5%; 21/40). The results of the current study provide insight for using lytic bacteriophages for therapeutic interventions against drug resistant E. coli responsible for colibacillosis in neonatal goat kids

Role of Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens in Occurrence of Neonatal Diarrhoea in Goat-Kids

Infectious diarrhoea in neonates of animals is one of the most common and economically important conditions encountered in the livestock industry. Faecal samples (n=210) from diarrhoeic neonatal goat-kids of different livestock sheds of ICAR-CIRG, Makhdoom, Mathura (U.P.), were aseptically collected, and immediately processed for isolation of bacterial pathogens and parasitic evaluation. A total of 178 isolates of E. coli from 210 samples were identified on the basis of cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Out of 178 E. coli isolates, 3.93 % (7/178) isolates were identified as STEC by PCR amplification of stx-1 and stx-2 gene. A total of 64 isolates of E. coli were sent to National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli for the serotyping. The common serogroups of E. coli responsible for neonatal diarrhoea in goat-kids were identified as O36, O26, O59, O29, O43, O91, O82, O9 and O171, out of which, 46.15% were O36, O26 and O59. Cryptosporidium spp. infection was detected in 46 samples out of 148 faecal samples by ZN staining and nested PCR.Based on cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics,16 isolates of Salmonella spp. and 5 of Klebsiella spp. were identified from 210 fecal samples. The present study concluded that E. coli followed by Cryptosporidium spp. and Salmonella spp. were the prevalent infectious agents associated with neonatal diarrhoea in goat-kids

Molecular Characterization of Diarrhoegenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Neonatal Goat-Kids

Faecal samples (n=300) from diarrhoeic neonatal goat-kids of different livestock sheds of ICAR-CIRG, Makhdoom, and field goat-kids of Mathura, UP were aseptically collected, and used for E. coli isolation. On the basis of cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, a total of 193 E. coli isolates were identified from 300 fecal samples. Out of 140 E. coli isolates, only 90 isolates could be serotyped at National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, and the most common serogroups responsible for neonatal diarrhoea were found as O88 (n=11), O22 (n=10), O11 (n=8) and O83 (n=7). Congo red dye agar test was done to determine invasiveness of the isolates, and 77.20% (149/193)E. coli isolates showed Congo red binding activity. Identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) was done by PCR amplification of its stx-1 gene, and 5.69% (11/193) isolates were identified as STEC. Pathotype specific primers were used to amplify bundle forming pilus (bfpA) gene of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and 35.23% (68/193) isolates were identified as EPEC. A multiplex PCR was performed to detect labile toxin producing enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC-lt), stable toxin producing enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC-st) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and 24.35% (47/193), 2.59% (5/193) and 2.07% (4/193) isolates were determined as ETEC-st, ETEC-lt and EIEC, respectively. EPEC and ETEC-st were found as the most prevalent pathotypes associated with neonatal diarrhoea in goat-kids whereas; O88 and O22 were observed as the most common serogroups in causing diarrhoea in the neonatal goat-kids.

Estimation of radiation dose to patients from 18FDG whole body PET/CT investigations using dynamic PET scan protocol.

Background & objectives: There is a growing concern over the radiation exposure of patients from undergoing 18FDG PET/CT (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) whole body investigations. The aim of the present study was to study the kinetics of 18FDG distributions and estimate the radiation dose received by patients undergoing 18FDG whole body PET/CT investigations. Methods: Dynamic PET scans in different regions of the body were performed in 49 patients so as to measure percentage uptake of 18FDG in brain, liver, spleen, adrenals, kidneys and stomach. The residence time in these organs was calculated and radiation dose was estimated using OLINDA software. The radiation dose from the CT component was computed using the software CT-Expo and measured using computed tomography dose index (CTDI) phantom and ionization chamber. As per the clinical protocol, the patients were refrained from eating and drinking for a minimum period of 4 h prior to the study. Results: The estimated residence time in males was 0.196 h (brain), 0.09 h (liver), 0.007 h (spleen), 0.0006 h (adrenals), 0.013 h (kidneys) and 0.005 h (stomach) whereas it was 0.189 h (brain), 0.11 h (liver), 0.01 h (spleen), 0.0007 h (adrenals), 0.02 h (kidneys) and 0.004 h (stomach) in females. The effective dose was found to be 0.020 mSv/MBq in males and 0.025 mSv/MBq in females from internally administered 18FDG and 6.8 mSv in males and 7.9 mSv in females from the CT component. For an administered activity of 370 MBq of 18FDG, the effective dose from PET/CT investigations was estimated to be 14.2 mSv in males and 17.2 mSv in females. Interpretation & conclusions: The present results did not demonstrate significant difference in the kinetics of 18FDG distribution in male and female patients. The estimated PET/CT doses were found to be higher than many other conventional diagnostic radiology examinations suggesting that all efforts should be made to clinically justify and carefully weigh the risk-benefit ratios prior to every 18FDG whole body PET/CT scan.

Marcaje indirecto de anticuerpos monoclonales empleando la N2-dietilentriamino-pentaacetil lisina amida como agente quelatante del 99mTc / Indirect labeling of monoclonal antibodies with 99mTc, using N2-diethylentriamine-pentaacetil lysine amide as chelating agent

Los anticuerpos monoclonales y sus fragmentos marcados se han empleado ampliamente en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de diferentes tipos de neoplasias. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar una metodología para el marcaje indirecto de anticuerpos con 99mTc, partiendo de la N2-dietilentriamino-pentaacetil lisina amida como agente quelatante. Mediante reacción con un exceso molar de 2-iminotiolano (1:200) y reducción con un exceso de 2-mercaptoetanol (1:2000) se generaron en el anticuerpo 3.5 +/- 0.6 y 5.8 +/- 0.5 grupos –SH, respectivamente, por lo que se continuó el trabajo con la segunda metodología. Se incubó el h-R3 reducido durante 12 h con N6-ciclohexilmaleimido-N2-dietilentriaminopentaacetil lisina amida, obtenida previamente mediante la reacción de la N2-dietilentriamino-pentaacetil lisina amida con sulfosuccinimidil–4(N-maleimido-metil) ciclohexano-1-carboxilato de sodio. La eficiencia de marcaje con 99mTc del anticuerpo monoclonal h-R3 modificado según este método fue de (98.6 +/-1.4) por ciento, manteniendo una estabilidad satisfactoria hasta 24 h frente al exceso de L-cisteína (1:300). Conclusiones: La metodología desarrollada permitió el marcaje indirecto del anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado h-R3 con 99mTc de forma satisfactoria, empleando la N2- dietilentriaminopentaacetil lisina amida como agente quelatante bifuncional.

Labeled monoclonal antibodies and their fragments are been widely employed for the diagnosis and follow up of different kinds of neoplasm. The aim of the present work was to develop a method for indirect labeling of antibodies with 99mTc, using N2-diethylentriamine-pentaacetil lysine amide as chelating agent. By reactions with a 200-fold molar excess of 2-iminothiolane, and the reduction using a 2000-fold molar excess of 2-mercaptoethanol, 3.5 +/- 0.6 and 5.8 +/- 0.5 sulfhydril groups, respectively, were generated in the antibody. Thus, work was continued using the second procedure. Reduced h-R3 was incubated for 12 h with N6-cyclohexylmaleimide-N2-diethylentriamine-pentaacetil lysine amide, previously obtained by the reaction of N2-diethylentriamine-pentaacetil lysine amide with sodium sulfosuccinimidyl–4(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate. Labeling efficiency of h-R3 monoclonal antibody, modified by this method with 99mTc, was (98.6 +/- 1.4) percent. A satisfactory stability of the label was observed up to 24 h in presence of a 300-fold molar excess of L-cysteine. Conclusions: Developed procedure allowed satisfactory indirect labeling of the humanized monoclonal antibody h-R3 with 99mTc, using N2-diethylentriamine-pentaacetil lysine amide as bifunctional chelating agent.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of transplant renal artery stenosis.

Renal artery stenosis after renal transplant is a dreaded complication. We report two cases of post-renal transplant stenosis in internal iliac artery used for end-to-end anastomosis with the graft renal artery. Both patients were successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting of the internal iliac artery.