RESUMO
The disorders of gastrointestinal tract are responsible for a great deal of morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to determine lesions of gastrointestinal tract. Methods: This present study was conducted on 62 specimens of GIT tract. Biopsies from the gastrointestinal sites such as esophagus, pharynx, stomach, duodenum, liver, small intestine, colon, rectum and anal canal were obtained. Results: Maximum specimens were obtained from age group 21-30 years (24), followed by 11-20 years (16), 31-40 years (10), 41-50 years (8) and >50 years (4). 50 lesions were nonneoplastic and 12 were neoplastic. Most common non- neoplastic lesions were seen in gall bladder followed by esophagus (10) and small intestine (5). In neoplastic lesions, most common organ involved was gall bladder (5) followed by esophagus (3). In non- neoplastic lesions, chronic inflammatory lesion of oesophagus was seen in 10, appendicular lesions in 3, gall bladder lesions in 26, colonic perforation in 4, crohn’s disease of small intestine in 5 and peptic ulcers in 2. Neoplastic lesions were SCC of esophagus in 3, adenocarcinoma of small intestine in 1, adenocarcinoma of large intestine in 1, SCC of stomach in 2 and adeonma of gall bladder in 5 cases. Conclusion: Authors found that most commonly non- neoplastic lesions were seen involving gall bladder and in age group 21-30 years.
RESUMO
Abnormal uterine bleeding is among the most prevalent uterine disorders among the females of pre and perimenopausal age. Endometrial sampling pipelle method is emerging as convenient and popular method for endometrial sampling in recent scenario. Accuracy of pipelle method in comparison of dilatation & curettage is still not clear. Therefore the present study was designed to assess the efficacy of pipelle method in comparison of dilatation & curettage method for endometrial sampling in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: The present study included 200 patients suffering with abnormal uterine bleeding. On the other hand, patients having abnormal uterine bleeding of 16 to 70 years age having normal haematological findings were included in the study. Pippele method of sampling was performed before the D & C method was completed in all the patients. Results: Histological findings of the endometrial obtained by pipellle method showed endometrial hyperplasia (44%) was most common followed by proliferative phase (16%), secretary phase (12%) and proliferative endometrial phase (12%). While, endometrial carcinoma and choriocarcinoma were recorded in 2.5% and 1% cases. On the other hand, proliferative phase, secretary phase, endometrial phase and proliferative endometrial phase were observed in 17.5%, 13%, 39.5% and 15% correspondingly. Endometrial carcinoma and choriocarcinoma detected in 4% and 1.5% patients. Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that pipelle method of endometrial sampling is equally effective to its contemporary method D & C. Moreover, this technique is more convenient as it can be performed outdoor during routine examination. In addition there is no need of anaesthesia for pipelle method like D & C. We strongly recommend pippele method instead of D & C for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding as it has a high specificity rate and accuracy rate, without post sampling bleeding and pain.
RESUMO
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-negative soil-dwelling bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. Musculoskeletal melioidosis mimics other infections both clinically and radiologically. An extensive literature review has been performed over musculoskeletal melioidosis through various search engines such as Pubmed, Embase, Medscape, Altavista and Google. Diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion and is dependent on microbiological confirmation. Prompt treatment with long-term combination antibiotics in high dosages and surgical drainage of abscesses improves survival.