Relation between smoking and cognition in egyptian elderly

In spite of numerous studies published in the past few years on the topic, the effectof smoking on Alzheimer's disease and dementia remains uncertain. Case-control studies havelargely suggested that smoking lowers the risk of AD, whereas prospective studies have shownthat smoking increases this risk or has no effect on the probability of developing AD. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of Smoking in elderly withcognitive impairment and elderly with non-cognitive impairment. A Case control 88 participants aged 60 years and above. They wereselected from Ain Shams University Hospital from inpatient wards and outpatient clinics. Thestudied sample was divided into 3 groups: Group A [32 elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease],Group B [32 elderly patients with Mild cognitive impairment] and Group C [24 controls withnormal cognitive function].Comprehensive geriatric assessment, including detailed history, physicalexamination, and also cognitive assessment using Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MOCA] andMini mental status examination [MMSE].As regards smoking there was a highly statistical significant difference between the 3groups as non-smokers were more prevalent in Alzheimer's diseaseand Mild cognitiveimpairment groups in comparison to control group with [p-value= 0.001]. There was a highly significant negative association between smoking and cognitiveimpairment

Relation between frailty and common geriatric problems in elderly

There is a high prevalence of common geriatric problems [falls, urinary incontinence, visual and hearing impairment] among frail elderly leading to more disability and functional impairment. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of common geriatric problems between frail and non-frail elderly. A Case control study. 90 participants aged 60 years and above. They were selected from Ain Shams University Hospital from inpatient wards and outpatient clinics. The studied sample was divided into 2 groups: Group A [30 frail elderly females and 30 frail elderly males] and Group B [30 healthy elderly subjects; 15 males and 15 females]. Comprehensive geriatric assessment, including detailed history of common geriatric problems as mentioned above, physical examination, and also assessment of frailty using modified Fried criteria]. Hearing impairment, incontinence and falls were more prevalent in frail elderly with a highly difference between the two groups, with p values< [0.001,0.009,0.006] consequently, visual impairment was statistically significant in cases more than controls with p value [0.012]. There is a significant positive relationship and high prevalence of common geriatric problems especially falls, urinary incontinence, visual and hearing impairment among frail elderly