RESUMO
Background: Pharmacology is one of the most progressive and constantly changing basic medical science subject. The current curriculum of pharmacology lacks uniformity. Lectures, tutorials and practical classes are the common methods of teaching. The scientific and integrated curriculum and innovative teaching methodology fulfils the academic objectives
Objective: To know the students satisfaction and effectiveness of current teaching methods and curriculum in pharmacology. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Pharmacology Department, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, from1stNovember to30th November 2017. A set of questionnaire was distributed among the 140, MBBS students of 3rd yearwho have studied pharmacology. Students were instructed to tick the best possible option of each question on the basis of their own perceptions. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version in 20. Descriptive analysis was used to assess different variables in the study
Results:140 students of 3rd year MBBS class participated in this study. Male students were 59 and 81 were female students with mean age of 21.5+/-1 with minimum age of 19 and maximum age of 24 years old. All students answered the questions and gave their opinion. Regarding the current teaching methodologies, 66.4% students were satisfied with current teaching methodology in comparison with 23.5 % who were not satisfied and 10% has no idea
Conclusion: In present study, overall students were satisfied with current teaching curriculum and they were of the view that integrated teaching should be added to the curriculum and teaching should include problem based learning, small group discussion, self-directed learning and bed side teaching in pharmacology
RESUMO
Background: Irrational use of multiple antimicrobial agents in hospitals may cause the emergence of resistant microorganisms, as well as increase costs and unnecessarily exposure of patients to potentially dangerous drugs
Objective: To determine prescribing patterns of antibiotics among hospitalized patients, and to evaluate the antibiotic consumption
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study we analyzed the patient's drug charts in medical and surgical wards from July to August 2010 at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar khan
Result: Record of 800 patients, was analyzed. Antibiotics were given to 650 patients [81.2%] with the mean age of 38.17 years. Route of administration was intravenous [84.4%], oral [2.3%] and both [13.2%]. Patient receiving single antibiotics were 38.1%, while 61.8% received multiple antibiotics. Average number of antibiotics prescribed per patient was 1.8. The range of antibiotics used included 14 active ingredients with 21 different brands. Most commonly prescribed drugs were Ceftriaxone [65.3%], Metronidazole [49.3%] and Quinolones [31.6%]
Conclusion: Multiple medications are a well-known potential risk factor in terms of patient's health. They increase the risk of drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions in all age groups. Moreover, irrational use of antibiotics may lead to emergence of microbial resistance. There is a high proportion of patients receiving multiple antibiotics in in-patient department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, and hence local guidelines should be established for use of antibiotics
RESUMO
Objective: to find out frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients and to determine seroprevalence of hepatitis Band C and profile of these patients
Material and Methods: this study was done in Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from February to August 2009. One hundred cirrhotic patients admitted in medical wards were evaluated for demographic and clinical features, Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C and Child Pugh score and class. Those having focal defect in liver on ultrasound were further investigated for serum alpha-fetoprotein, CT scan abdomen and fine needle aspiration for histopathological examination
Results: eighteen patients were found to have HCC with mean age of 53 years, 78% of these patients were male. Eighty three percent were anti-HGV positive, 6% were both HBs Ag and anti HGV positive and 11 % were seronegative. Mean Child score of these patients was 9.16. Main presenting symptoms were massive ascites, hematemesis/melena, hepatic encephalopathy and jaundice
Conclusion: HCC is a common complication of hepatitis C associated cirrhosis
RESUMO
Background: upper Gastrointestinal [UGI] complaints are very important medical complaints both in outdoor and indoor patients. Upper GI endoscopy is the most important diagnostic as well as therapeutic tool in diagnosing these complaints
Objectives: the objective of the study was to document various indications of referral for UGI endoscopy and to determine endoscopic findings in these patients
Methods: all consecutive patients referred for endoscopy from November, 2005 to April, 2008, were included in the study. Demographic features, reasons for referral and endoscopic diagnosis were noted
Results: among 1000 patients, 59 % were referred due to upper GI bleeding, 7 % due to dysphagia, 7 % due to persistent vomiting and 4.6 % due to dyspeptic symptoms. Common endoscopic diagnoses were esophageal varices [43 %], reflux esophagi tis [9 %], gastritis [5 %] and gastric ulcer [3%]
Conclusion: the most common presenting complaint was upper GI bleeding and the most common endoscopic finding was esophageal varices