Microbial contamination and determination of aflatoxin in nuts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination and aflatoxin content in unpacked and packed nuts after storage for different times under different temperatures. The results could be summarized as fallow: 1. At zero time, aerobic bacterial count in unpacked and packed nut were : [3.0x102 , 2.5x102 ] c.f.u /g , [5.0x103 , 2.0x102 ] , [6.0x103, 1.0x102 ] , [2.0x103 , 1.0x102] in almonds , walnut , Hazelnut and peanut respectively. 2. All of investigated samples were free from anaerobic bacteria, fecal coliform, and Bacillus cerus. 3. Staph aureus and coliform were detected in all of unpacked nuts and absent in all of packed nuts. 4. Moulds and yeast count in unpacked and packed nuts were [3.0x103], [1.0x102], [6.0x103, 7.0xlO]. [8.0xl04, 1.0xl02l and [9.0x103, l.0x102] c.f.u lg in almonds, walnut] Hazelnut and peanut respectively. 5. There were a gradual increase in aerobic bacteria, Staph.aureus, mould and yeast counts after scorage for 45 and 90 days at room temperature but there were gradual decrease after storage at low temperature. 6. All of packed nuts were free from aflatoxin [ B] and total aflatoxin, while it was detected in unpacked nuts ranged from [ 0.05 to 0.17 microg / kg ·1] for aflatoxin [ B 1] and from [ 0.5 to 1.6 microg/kg ] at the end of storage for total aflatoxin. The authors' mentioned that, packaged of nuts and storage under l0 temperatures are important factor for quality control of nuts

Microbiological profile and aflatoxin content in dried fruits "Yamish Ramadan"

This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological profile and aflatoxins content in unpacked and packed dried fruits after storage under different conditions. Samples were stored for 45 days, 90 days at room temperature and refrigeration. Microbiological examination and aflatoxins content were periodically determined in addition of zero time. The results could be summarized as follow: 1. At zero time, aerobic bacterial count in unpacked and packed dried fruits were [3.0xl03, l.0x102], [l.0xl03, 2.5x102], [l.0x105, 4.0x102] and [3.0x104, 3.5 x102 ] c.f.u / gm in dried dates , dried figs , dried grapes and dried apricots respectively. Mould and yeast count were [5.0 x104, l.0x102], [6.0xl04, 1.5 x102], [7.0x104, 1.0x102] and [6.0x105, 2x102] c.f.u / gm in the investigated samples respectively. All the samples were free from anaerobic bacteria, fecal coliform and Bacillus cereus. Coliform and Staph aureus were detected in the unpacked dried fruits and absent in packed dried fruits. Aflatoxin B1 [AF/ B1] and total aflatoxins were not detected in all the investigated packed samples. 2. There were a gradual increase in aerobic bacteria, mould and yeast counts after storage for 45, 90days at room temperature, and then there were a gradual decrease especially after the end of storage at cooling temperature. 3. Aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins were detected only in unpacked dried figs, apricots and date after storage for 90 days at room temperature. The authors recommended that during storage fruits must be protected from rodents and insects. The drying process must be rapid enough to preclude significant growth of spoilage forms before theaw is reduced to a safe level and storage in the refrigerator at cooling temperature

Food Safety system application on fruit juices consumed by enteral tube feedin patients in New Kasr El- Aini hospital kitchen

A he present study was conducted to evaluate of the microbiological quality of fruit juices which are used in the tube feeding before and after application of HACCP system. The aerobic bacterial count decreased form 4.2 x 10[4] + 0.2 x 10[4] to 2.5x 10[2] +/- 0.2x10[2] + c.fu /ml in orange juice, from 2.5x 10[4] + 0.2x 10[4] to 2.5x 10[2]+/- 0.2x 10[2] c.f.u /ml in apple juice and from 2.8x 10[5] +/- 0.1 x 10[5]c.f.u /ml to 2.0x 10[1]+/- 0.2X10[1] c.f.u/ml in guava juice. Coliform count was 3.9 x 10 + 0.2x10 MPN/ml, 3.0 x10 +0.0 MPN/ml, l.lx 10[2] + 0.2 x 10[2]MPN /ml in orange, apple and guava juices respectively and became free from coliform after the application of HACCP. Fecal coliform bacteria were absent in orange, apple and guava juices before and after application of HACCP system. Staphaureuswas8.9 xl0[2] + 0.1x10[2], 6.5 x 10[2] 0.2x10[2] c.fu/ml and 3.9 x 10[2]+ 0.1x 10[2] c.f.u/ml in orange, apple, guava juices respectively and absent after the application. Bacillus cereus was absent in the previously mentioned products before and after application of HACCP system. Mold and yeast count decreased from 1.4x10[4] + 0.2x10[4] to 2.0x 10[2] + 0.2x 10[2] c.f.u /ml in orange juice, from l. x 10[4] +/- 0.2x 10[4] to l.Ox 10[2] + 0.0 c.f.u / ml in apple juice and from 2.7x 10[5]+/- 0.1x10[5] to 1.0x10[2] + 0.2x10[2] c.f.u/ml in guava juice. It was recommended that the HACCP system should be implemented at all food establishments?

relationship between children's attitude, family support and glycemic control in type-1 diabetes mellitus of school children in Alexandria city

The diagnosis of a chronic condition of any child places this family at risk, the physical health and emotional well-being of all members of the family are disturbed so, a family physician scope of service is to cope with chronic disease in children biopsychosocially. [1] To determine attitude of type -1diabetic children. [2] To study the effect of family support on glycemic control. [3] To study the effect of family support on compliance of diabetic children. [4] To study relationship between children's attitude, patient compliance and glycemic control. This study is a descriptive [cross-sectional] study which was carried out on diabetic students who were attending out patient clinic sporting health insurance hospital of students in Alexandria. The representative sample [100] was selected by simple randomization from type -1 diabetic students. The out come of study was achieved by a modified questionnaire which was applied during the period of April 2008 up to April 2009.The results illustrated that there was a significant relationship between childern's atttitude, family support, diabetic control and adherence of diabetic children at diabetic clinic of sporting student hospital. This study showed that there were different attitudes of diabetic children towards the disease. We conclude that the improvement of the quality of family support which introduced to diabetic children and the quality of diabetic care by the physician and the family leading to good metabolic control and lowering of HbA1c