RESUMO
Aim: The current study was intended to evaluate the nutritional and functional properties of quinoa flour for the potent of its use in food manufacturing. Materials: Quinoa seeds were obtained from the Egyptian Company for Natural Oils, Cairo, Egypt. The collected seeds were cleaned of foreign materials and stored at room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for further analysis. Methodology: Minerals, vitamins, phenolic contents and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quinoa flour were carried out in the department of food technology, Arid Lands cultivation research institute, City of Scientific research and Technological Applications. Results: Quinoa flour has the most balanced and perfect minerals content such as potassium (443 mg/ Kg), sodium (858 mg/ Kg), magnesium (174 mg/ Kg), calcium (127 mg/ Kg) and iron (63 mg/ Kg). Quinoa flour is a good source of vitamins such as Vitamin C (1.93 mg/ Kg), B3 (0.15 mg/ Kg), B6 (11.22 mg/ Kg), and B12 (0.09 mg/ Kg). The total phenolic content of quinoa flour was 17.86± 0.49 μg GAE/g dry weight, while the total flavonoids was 14.82 ± 0.75 μg/g dry weight. Quinoa flour was presented a reasonable antioxidant activity with IC50= 21.76 µg/ml. The water absorption of quinoa flour was 141.5±0.54%, whereas its oil absorption was 110±0.18%. Quinoa flour foaming capacity and stability were 14.33±0.76% and reached 9.63±1.72% after 60 min. while emulsion capacity and stability were 100.4± 0.25% and reached 45.83± 0.18% after 60 min. The protein digestibility of quinoa flour was 86.85±0.83%. Conclusion: Quinoa flour is a likely nutritive source and can be used as a functional food supplement to be used in food manufacturing.
RESUMO
Maternal nutritional and hormonal state from as early as the first days after fertilization can influence the growth rate of the fetus and also the length of gestation. was firstly; to study iron indices [serum iron, ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptors "STFR"] in neonates, and their relation with gestational age, birth weight and gender. Also, to assess the value of utilization of STFR and STFR/ Log ferritin index to evaluate the effects of maternal anemia, iron status, and iron supplementation, on neonatal iron indices at birth. Serum Iron, ferritin, STFR, and haemoglobin [Hb] concentration were measured and STFR-Log ferritin index was calculated in 40 cord serum [20 preterm "PT", and 20 full term "FT" neonates], and from their maternal serum. Seventeen mothers were anemic "Hb < 10 gm%", [5 mothers of FT, and 12 of PT babies]. Twelve mothers had depleted iron stores "serum ferritin <10 micro g/1" [4mothers of FT, and 8 PT babies]. Non of FT babies had anemia, while 9 PT had anemia, Fullterm neonates and neonates weighing >/= 2.5 Kg had significantly higher cord blood Hb, serum iron and ferritin, compared to PT neonates and neonates weighing < 2.5 Kg. Neonates weighing >/- 2.5 Kg had significantly lower STFR/Log ferritin, compared to neonates weighing < 2.5 Kg. No difference in iron indices was found between male and female neonates, also, between neonates delivered to mothers with iron supplementation during pregnancy and those without, and between neonates delivered vaginally and those by cesarean section. There was no difference in iron indices between neonates with either maternal anemia or depleted iron stores, and those with normal maternal indices. There is no relation between maternal iron status and neonatal iron indices, except for serum ferritin. Cord serum ferritin correlates positively with maternal ferritin. So, cord serum ferritin, but neither STFR nor STFR/Log ferritin, is a good indicator of neonatal iron stores at birth. Maternal iron depletion is not associated with neonatal anemia. The fetus has normal indices on the expense of his mother's iron stores. So, maternalsupplementation with iron during pregnancy is a must