Radiologic and physiologic correlation in apparently healthy smoker

Pulmonary damage induced by smoking acts slowly and may or may not show symptoms which are related to pulmonary function or radiological effect. To correlate findings on history, chest X-ray, pulmonary function test high resolution computed tomography [HRCT] scans and to determine whether these findings may be useful in diagnosis of lung damage. This study comprised 50 subjects [10 healthy volunteers, 40 smokers] who underwent history taking, CXR, pulmonary function tests [spirometry and lung volumes] and both inspiratory and expiratory HRCT. Pulmonary function measurement in studied groups showed obstructive pattern with highly significant difference. Chest X-ray showed hyperinflation in 38% in group II, 79% in group III, 90% in group IV. Mosaic perfusion was present in 3 cases 19%, 7 cases 50%, 5 cases 50%, paraseptal emphysema was present in 7 cases 44%, 11 cases 78%, 7 cases 70%, centrilobular emphysema was present in 4 cases 25%, 6 cases 43%, 4 cases 40% and bullae was present in 7 cases 44%, 8 cases 57%, 5 cases 50% in groups II, III, VI, respectively. Wheezes and cough showed significant negative correlation with FEF[25-75% and PEF, while dyspnea showed positive correlation with bullae. Cough showed significant correlation with radiological finding, mosaic perfusion and centrilobular emphysema. There was significant correlation between tests of small airway and radiological finding in chest X-ray and high resolution computed tomography. We conclude that there was a functional and pathological impairment in the lung as cigarette consumption increases and chest symptoms in smoker appears to be related to small airway affection

Outcome of reconstructing anterior urethral stricture

To evaluate the success of urethroplasty according to site, length and etiology of urethral stricture, previous attempts of management and the technique of repair according to different definitions of success in urethroplasty. Of 64 patients, 8 patients had stricture fossa navicularis [group 1], 15 patients had pendulous urethral stricture [Group 2] and 41 patients had bulbar urethral stricture [Group 3]. In group [1], 5 patients were managed by ventral longitudinal penile fasciocutaneous flap and 3 patients were managed by staged B.M.G urethroplasty, in group [2], 7 patients were managed by distal penile fasciocutaneous flap, 3 patients were managed by staged buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty and 5 patients were managed by combined penile skin flap with buccal mucosal graft an in group [3], 28 patients were managed by excision primary anastomosis and 13 patients were managed by augmented anastomotic urethroplasty. Within the follow-up period [mean 30.6 months], of 64 patients, 57 patients [89%] didn't need any additional surgical procedure and 52 patients [81.3%] didn't need even dilatation, the statistical difference between the two groups is nearly significant [P value 0.058]

Effect of some physical exercises in controlling of some diseases which accompany changes in climatic environment

The present study aimed at identifying the relationship between changes in the climatic environment and the occurrence of some degenerative diseases [coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus]. The study included 40 male subjects with coronary risk factors in the form of hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia or family history of diabetes mellitus in the age group from 30 to 50 years. Two groups, each of 20 subjects, represented those with coronary risk factors and those with relative diabetes mellitus high risk. Again, a statistically significant reduction was demonstrated in blood sugar of the experimental group as compared to the control group of diabetes high risk. On the other hand, the chronotropic reserve, the exercise tolerance in minutes as well as the exercise distance in miles were increased in both experimental groups as compared to the control groups

Supracondylar osteotomy of the humerus for correction of cubitus varus

Cubitus varus is the most common complication after supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. It usually results from malunion of supracondylar fractures or lateral humeral condyles. The function of the elbow is usually not greatly impaired, but it has unsightly cosmetic appearance. Twenty cases with cubitus varus deformity were operated by supracondylar osteotomy. Ten cases were operated by a modified French technique and ten cases fixed postoperatively by external plaster of Paris alone. French technique has much better results