RESUMO
Background: Human and experimental studies suggest that the sympathetic regulatory drive in the ovary may be unbalanced [hyperactivity] in polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. Dysfunctional secretion of interleukin [IL] -1 [alpha and beta] or related cytokines may thus be related to abnormal ovulation and luteinization
Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytokines' pattern in PCOS women and discussion about the explanation of cross-talk between two super systems: sympathetic and immune systems and explanation sympatho-excitation and relationship with interleukins
Materials and Methods: In this study, 171 PCOS women aged between 20-40 years were studied. Their body mass index was <28. The patients were divided into two groups: study group [n=85, PCOS women] and control group [n=86 normal women]. The blood sample was obtained on the 3rd day of menstruation cycle. IL-17, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha] concentrations were determined in both groups
Results: The median serum level of IL-1alpha in the PCOS group was higher than the control group [293.3 and 8.0, respectively, p<0.001]. Also, the median serum level of IL-1beta was higher than the control group [5.9 and 3.1 respectively]. But the median serum of level IL-17 in women with PCOS was significantly lower than the control group [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Our results confirm that PCOS is a low-level chronic inflammation
RESUMO
Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to investigate and compare Iranian produced and foreign oxytocin for use in induction of labor
Materials and methods: This random clinical trial was conducted on a population of 198 pregnant women with live fetus and cephalic presentation and conditions conducive to induction of labor, monitored by obstetricians and gynecologists. They were randomly divided into group A [n = 99] received 10 units of Syntocinon [Novartis Pharma Canada] in 500 cc Ringer lactate, and group B [n = 99] received 10 units of Oxytip [Caspian Tamin Company Iran] in 500 cc serum, who entered the study to commence induction, by signing written consent. Study variables such as induction indications [post-term, ruptured membranes, diabetes, and..], induction duration, duration of the 1[st] and the 2[nd] stages of labor, and delivery method; as well as labor outcomes like hyper-stimulation of uterine, postpartum bleeding, 5-minute Apgar score, and infant's birth weight; and neonatal outcomes [admission to NICU, oxygen and intubation] were assessed for the two groups by a trained midwife and registered in the patient's questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using statistical tests: t-test, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney
Results: Two groups were similar in demographic variables such as; age, BMI, parity, education. There was no significant difference regarding to obstetric and gynecologic characteristics such as: gestational age, dilatation, effacement, and fetal positioning, as well as the indication for labor induction when the study began. After intervention, variables including: induction duration, duration of the 1[st] and the 2[nd] stages of labor, delivery method; and labor outcomes such as: hyper-stimulation of uterine, postpartum bleeding, 5-minute Apgar score, and infant's birth weight; and neonatal outcomes [admission to NICU, oxygen and intubation], in the two groups, were found to be the same [P < 0.05]. Mean oxytip dosage needed was less than that of oxytocin to reach for appropriate pain [P = 0.042]
Conclusion: The two drugs in terms of labor induction and neonatal complications had similar outcomes and the locally made drug with a lower dosage appears to produce the desired outcome
RESUMO
Objective[s]: Withdrawal contraception accompanied with high unwanted and morbidity .the aim of this study to gain of the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of using contraceptive methods withdrawal users to design effective effective intervention for them
Methods: In the first stage qualitative methods used to elicit questionnaire with 50 women .In the second stage cross-sectional study was performed 300 women attending to the health care centers in west Tehran were selected randomly. In the both of them women were not intended to become pregnant and use withdrawal contraception .data analyzed by using descriptive statistical tests
Results: They had used modern contraceptive methods before withdrawal in 70.7 percent .The mean withdrawal usage was 60.5 4.9 and modern contraceptive was 2.3 2.9 years. The most common source of information on modern contraceptive was health care providers and informal sources. The women are familiar with emergency contraception in 34 percent. Unwanted pregnancy related to withdrawal contraception was 33/7 percent. The most common beliefs related to oral pills nervousness [79.3%] obesity [26.7%] infertility [79.3%], IUD infection [34%] pregnancy [22.7%], spontaneous movement [21%] condom, pregnancy [73.7%] and three monthly injection, pregnancy [33.3%]
Conclusion: It was important that planners will be design family planning packages should contain programs to correct the wrong beliefs. Side effects of modern contraception should be as soon as possible recognizing. They counselors must be guided them .Positive attitude related to withdrawal contraception suggests that family planning programs disseminated essential information among this groups