RESUMO
PON1 [Paraoxonase 1] is an esterase enzyme which is associated with high density lipoprotein [HDL]. The enzyme prevents the peroxidation of low density lipoprotein [LDL]. The susceptibility of LDL for oxidation is the proven risk factor for coronary artery diseases. The aim of this study is to survey the effect of atherogenic diet with or without enzyme inhibitors on the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Twenty four New Zealand white rabbits divided into three groups [control, under the atherogenic diet, atherogenic diet and nandrolone decanoate - paraoxonase inhibitor therapy] and were treated for two months. At the beginning and end of the treatment, 5 mL of blood was obtained to determine the levels of total antioxidant capacity [TAC], HDL, mallon dialdehide [MDA] and PON1. After sixty days rabbits anesthetized under standard conditions, and sampling carried out from heart arteries for pathological examinations. Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS/15 and one way ANOVA and paired t-test statistical tests. The results showed that the plasma levels of TAC, HDL, MDA and PON1 had significant changes in this study [P<0.05]. The pathological study showed that in the presence of PON1, the formation and progression of atheroma is diminished. The results of this study showed that cholesterol-rich diet decreased serum level of PON1 which in turn led to a reduction in formation and progression of atheroma. It was shown that the enzyme inhibitor helps accelerating the development of atheroma.
RESUMO
One important factor of fatigue occurrence among athletes, following heavy sport activities, especially sports activities with short time and the maximum speed and intensity, is the accumulation of lactic acid in blood. The need for athletes to achieve natural conditions and to prepare for the next activities, methods of disposal lactic acid are very important. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of passive and active recovery with the severity of 55, 60 and 65 percent of maximum heart rate, on levels of blood lactic acid. This semi-experimental study was carried by 60 male athletes' students who were divided randomly to four groups. The first group included 15 subjects of group programs for passive recovery and the second, third and fourth groups of the state quarter program for active recovery with highly active 55, 60 and 65 percent of maximum heart rate, respectively. Groups acting Cunningham test began to test blood lactic acid in four stages [before the activity, immediately after the activity, 5 and 20 minute period recovery]. The measurement was done by a hand lacto - meter. The mean amount of blood lactic acid during resting time in four groups and also immediately after the activity was not significant, but 5 minutes after recovery as well as 20 minutes after recovery difference between groups was significant [P<0.001]. Mean blood lactic acid 20 minutes after recovery of passive group was significantly higher and that of group with 60 percent maximum heart rate was significantly lower [P<0.001] than other groups. Also the rate of the decrease in lactic acid level within 5 to 20 minutes after recovery in group with 60% maximum heart rate was significantly more than group 55%. The rate of decrease with group 65% maximum heart rate was shown to be significantly more than group 55% with maximum heart rate [p<0.001]. Our findings showed that active recovery from supramaximal exercise had a better effect than passive mode in reducing blood lactate levels in male athletes. Moreover, active recovery with a rate of 60 percent of minimum heart rate had a better effect than those of 55 or 65% maximum heart rate