Amelioration of paracetamol hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress on mice liver with silymarin and Nigella sativa extract supplements

Objective: To evaluate the ameliorator property of silymarin or/and Nigella sativa (N. sativa) extract against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced injury in male mice at the biochemical, histological and ultrastructural levels. Methods: The mice were divided into seven groups (10/group). The first group was served as control. While, the second group was treated with dose of APAP. The third and fourth groups were treated with silymarin alone and N. sativa extract alone respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were treated with combination of APAP with silymarin and APAP with N. sativa extract respectively. The seventh group was treated with combination of both ameliorative compounds (silymarin and N. sativa extract) with APAP and all animals were treated for a period of 30 days. Results: Exposure to APAP at the treated dose to mice led to an alteration of liver functions, increased the alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, decreased total protein level as well as increasing the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde while decreased catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reduced activities. The levels of APAP on the biochemical parameters of mice were dose-dependent. Administration of silymarin or/and N. sativa extract to APAPtreated mice attenuates the toxicity of this compound, objectified by biochemical, histological and ultrastructural improvement of liver. But the alleviation was more pronounced with the both antioxidants. Conclusions: The synergistic effect of silymarin and N. sativa extract is the most powerful in reducing the toxicity induced by APAP and improving the liver functions and antioxidant capacities of mice.

in vitro study to evaluate the quality of root canal filling of [MTA] and [PC]

The quality of root canal filling is considered the key of the successful endodontic treatment, because the one of goals of root canal obturation is to obtain three-dimensional and complete sealing. Therefore, The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the quality of root canal filling of White-colored Mineral Trioxide Aggregate [WMTA] and Gray-colored Portland Cement [GPC]. The sample of study consisted of seventy five recently extracted, single-rooted, permanent human teeth. The root canals were prepared using Crown-Down technique, then the sample was randomly divided into 5 equal groups of 15 teeth each, according to the root canal filling material used: [Groupl: [WMTA] lonely, Group2: [GPC] lonely, Group3: [Gutta-percha points + WMTA], Group4: [Gutta-percha points + GPC], GroupS: [Gutta-percha points + AH26]]. After root canal filling, the temporary coronal restorative material [Coltosol F] was placed, and the teeth were stored in [100% humidity at 37°C] for 7 days. Then, it were cleared and examined by a stereomicroscope [20X magnification] to evaluate the presence of the filling cement in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of the root canal. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used, it showed that [GPC] lonely achieves the best quality of root canal filling in the middle thirds, whereas, it was the worst material in the apical thirds. There were no statistically significant differences among the five groups of used materials in the coronal thirds. In the root canal filling [WMTA] lonely, [Gutta-percha points + WMTA], [Gutta-percha points + GPC], and [Gutta-percha points + AH26] can be used, but [GPC] lonely can not be used

Electrophysiological study and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 in detection of subclinical neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus

To evaluate the role of electrophysiological studies and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD65Ab] in the detection of subclinical neuropathy, in Type 1 diabetes mellitus [TIDM]. This study was conducted on 30 patients of Type 1 diabetes mellitus within the first year of diagnosis and 20 controls. All subjects were evaluated for subjective neuropathy symptoms, neurological examination, electrophysiological findings, GAD65Ab, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1], cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. At least two abnormal independent neurophysiological nerve parameters were accepted as the criteria of peripheral nervous system involvement. Electrophysiological study showed peripheral nervous system involvement in 93.3% of patients. The percentages of affection were 90% in sural nerve, 82.4% in peroneal motor nerve, 68.5% in posterior tibial motor nerve, 62.2% in median motor nerve, 59.9% in ulnar motor nerve, 65.2% in median sensory nerve, and 60.5% in ulnar sensory nerve. Antibodies to GAD65 were detected in 18 of 30 patients [60%]. Patients with positive GAD65Ab had slower motor nerve conduction velocities in the median, ulnar, and peroneal nerves and prolonged sural nerve latency. There is a positive correlation between HbA1 levels and peripheral nerve dysfunction in the lower extremity. Highly significant correlation between HhA1 and GAD65 in patients group was noticed. Subclinical diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be detected by electrophysiological tests, especially for nerves of lower extremity. The poor glycemic control and GAD65Ab have an impact on peripheral nerve function

[Clinical comparison between Ga Al As laser and drug therapy on apicectomy pain and swell]

Laser is one of the new biotechniques which may open a new world wide dentistry. Low level laser therapy or soft laser intensity possesses an eminently analgesic and biostimulant effect, by producting endorfin alpha and beta and increasing the local microcirculation. Although apicectomy at 20th century have opened the door for new dentistry by increasing the treatment possibilities and improved the functional and esthetics results for patients. Material and The aim of our research is to evaluate the influence of GaAlAs laser therapy on pain and swelling which occur after apicectomy compared with drug therapy. The sample consisted of 36 Clinic patients and divided in 3 groups: GI-The apicectomy surgically was done without laser application, but with analgesic and anti inflammatory. GII-The apicectomy was done with laser therapy sessions in the postoperative immedite, of 24 hs and of 72 hs, but without analgesic and anti inflammatory. GIII-The apicectomy surgicaly and laser therapy sessions in the preoperative and immedite, of 24 hs and of 72 hs, but without analgesic and anti inflammatory. The laser equipment was of Semi conductor Ga Al As 904 nm and power 1.5 j/cm2. The statistical study of the pain and swelling effect by Giles index of pain and Rosane index of swelling, by sample t [test] with significance degree at level 5%. Showed that soft laser for analgesic and anti swelling if we use it pre and post operated within 24 hs and this result agrees with many studies which confirm the soft laser analgesic and anti inflammatory effect. We can use soft laser as a drug alternative therapy for patients who can not use drugs or can be usefull in big operations

Do you accept to receive a transfusion from a donor with altered liver functions? [a multinational trial]

An absolutely safe blood transfusion without infection risk is still an elusive goal and despite thorough screening facilities distrust and suspicion remain. This is even more of a challenge in areas of high endemicity of different forms of hepatitis. Therefore, in addition to evaluating the routine serologic markers [HBsAg and HCV antibody screens], we decided to study certain liver function tests [alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and gamma glutamyl transferrase [GGT] in a group of 1329 serial blood donors. The donors belonged to 26 different nationalities and were all males between the ages of 18 and 60. It was surprising to record an impressively high prevalence of altered liver parameters, ranging from 14.9% for high total bilirubin up to 37.1% for high ALT. among donors of most nationalities. The incidence of HBsAg and HCV antibody reactivity among the cohort, however, was only 5% and 3%. respectively. Moreover, there was no clear association between the seroreactivity and biochemical abnormalities: greater than 86% of the donors exhibiting altered liver tests were non-reactive for HBsAg or HCV antibodies, and on the other h and, completely normal liver function parameters were encountered in 28.8% of the HBsAg-positive and 22.5% of the HCV antibody-reactive population. Thus the etiology of the anomalous liver function tests in our donors is still largely unknown. After excluding donors who were reactive for HBsAg or HCV as well as those with abnormal biochemistry values we ended up with only 28.9% of the initial number of donors [384/1329]. Although the significance of altered liver function parameters in people who are seronegatiue is not yet established, it is crucial in our situation to exclude the possibility that it reflects a prevalent blood transmissible agent

Lactate dehydrogenase and alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase: Sensitive indicators of disease status and responsiveness to therapy in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

To establish the value of serum lactate dehydeogenase [LDH] and alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase [HBDH] in reflecting the responsiveness of adult a cute lymphoblastic leukaemia [ALL] to the given chemotherapy. Serial measurements of LDH and HBDH in sera of six patients with ALL throughout different phases of therapy [induction, consolidation, maintenance]. Initially high levels of both enzymes were detected in all patients upon presentation. Successful remission induction was associated with normalization of activities of both enzymen in five of six patients. Refractoriness to standard protocol in the remaining patient was accompanied by persistence of high levels of LDH and HBDH. Reappearance of blast cells in circulation was paralleled by elevation of enzyme levels which could be brought again to normal by effective disease control and further chemotherapy. Continuous monitoring of LDH and HBDH is recommended to reflect the disease status and the responsiveness to chemotherapy in ALL