Enhanced DNA damages of human prostate cancer cells induced by radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia pre- and post X-rays: 6 MV versus 15 MV

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of 13.56 MHz radiofrequency [RF] capacitive hyperthermia [HT] on radiosensivity of human prostate cancer cells pre and post X-ray radiation treatment [RT]

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the human prostate cancer cell line DU145 was cultured as 300 micro m diameter spheroids. We divided the spheroids into group I: control, group II: HT at 43[degree]C for 30 minutes [HT], group III: 4 Gy irradiation with 6 MV X-ray [RT [6 MV]], group IV: 4 Gy irradiation with 15 MV X-ray [RT [15 MV]], group V: HT+RT [6 MV], group VI: HT+RT [15 MV], group VII: RT [6 MV]+HT, and group VIII: RT [15 MV]+HT. The alkaline comet assay was used to assess DNA damages in terms of tail moment [TM]. Thermal enhancement factor [TEF] was obtained for the different treatment combinations

Results: Mean TM increased with increasing photon energy. Group II had significantly greater TM compared to group I. Groups III and IV also had significantly higher TM compared to group I. Significant differences in TM existed between groups V, VII, and III [P<0.05]. We observed significant differences in TM between groups VI, VIII, and IV. TEF values demonstrated that enhanced response to radiation was more pronounced in group V compared to the other combined treatments

Conclusion: Our results suggest that HT applied before RT leads to higher radiosensivity compared to after RT. HT at 43[degree]C for 30 minutes added to 6 MV X-ray causes higher enhancement of radiation compared to 15 MV X-ray

role of radiofrequency hyperthermia in the radiosensitization of a human prostate cancer cell line

Objective: This study evaluated enhanced induced DNA damages and apoptosis of a spheroid culture of DU145 prostate cancer cells treated by a combination of radiofrequency hyperthermia [RF HT] with radiation treatment [RT] from an external radiotherapy machine compared to RT alone

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, DU145 cells were cultured as spheroids until they reached 300 micro m in diameter. We exposed these cultures to either: RF HT for 90 minutes at 43[degree]C originated from a Celsius TCS system, RF HT followed by RT at doses of 2 Gy or 4 Gy [15 MV energy] with 15-minute interval, or RT alone at the above mentioned doses. The trypan blue exclusion assay, alkaline comet assay, and annexin V/PI flow cytometry were performed to measure cell viability, the amount of DNA damage in an individual cell as the tail moment, and percentage of induced cell apoptosis in response to treatments explained

Results: We calculated the thermal enhancement factor [TEF] for the combined treatment regime. RF HT followed by the 4 Gy dose of RT resulted in minimum viability [85.33 +/- 1.30%], the highest tail moment [1.98 +/- 0.18], and highest percentage of apoptotic cells [64.48 +/- 3.40%] compared to the other treatments. The results of the TEF assay were 2.54 from the comet assay and 2.33 according to flow cytometry

Conclusion: The present data suggest that combined treatment of mega voltage X-rays and RF HT can result in significant radiosensitization of prostate cancer cells