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Background: Bronchiolitis, caused mostly by Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) virus is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. The disease is mostly presents with cough runny nose, fever, breathing difficulties and respiratory failure This infection usually affects children up to age of 24 months, with younger infants often more severely affected and is the most prevalent cause of hospitalization in infants under the age of 12 months. The treatment is supportive; therefore, epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings can help to ensure appropriate diagnosis and proper treatment.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional observation study was conducted at Paediatrics department of Sher-E-Bangla Medical College & Hospital (SBMCH), Barishal, Bangladesh between October 2018 to March 2019To find out the clinico-epidemiological and radiological profile of Bronchiolitis. Children below 24 months of age diagnosed as bronchiolitis were studied.Results:200 children were evaluated, including 150 boys and 50 girls; Infants below 6 months accounted for the highest proportion (60%). All the bronchiolitis patients had cough or cold with respiratory distress. Other symptoms were fever (98.0%), restlessness (63.0%), poor feeding (60%) and fast breathing. On examination lower chest indrawing and rhonchi were found in all cases. Hyperinflation was the most prevalent radiological finding (60%) and more than half (55%) patients had lymphocytosis on CBC.Conclusion:Most children present with typical clinical and radiological feature of bronchiolitis which can help the clinicians to clinically identify this disease more efficiently.
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COVID-19 has caused extensive human casualties with significant economic impacts around the globe, and has imposed new challenges on health systems worldwide. Over the past decade, SARS, Ebola, and Zika also led to significant concerns among the scientific community. Interestingly, the SARS and Zika epidemics ended before vaccine development; however, the scholarly community and the pharmaceutical companies responded very quickly at that time. Similarly, when the genetic sequence of SARSCoV-2 was revealed, global vaccine companies and scientists have stepped forward to develop a vaccine, triggering a race toward vaccine development that the whole world is relying on. Similarly, an effective and safe vaccine could play a pivotal role in eradicating COVID-19. However, few important questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development are explored in this review.
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Rheumatic heart disease & rheumatic fever is important public health issue. overall incidence and prevalence of acute rheumatic fever is in downtrend in Bangladesh. But exact incidence & prevalence of chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD) is unknown. Objective: We wanted to find out prevalence of CRHD among adult patients undergoing echocardiography in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka between January 2018 to December 2018. Echocardiography was done with VividE9® machine. Patients who underwent echocardiography for various indication on indoor and outdoor basis were screened for this study. Among them 1000 male & female patients, age between 18-65 years who had their echo done by the investigators were enrolled for analysis. CRHD was defined as per latest echocardiography guideline. Frequency & pattern of CRHD were calculated. Results: Out of 1000 patients 74 cases were diagnosed as CRHD (7.4%), among them 52 patients were female. Mitral stenosis (MS) was found in 28.3% cases, Isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) in 5.4%, MS with MR in 18.9%, Aortic stenosis (AS) in 8.1%, Aortic regurgitation (AR) in 10.85%, AS with AR in 13.5%, involvement of both aortic & mitral valve in 27%, involvement of mitral, aortic & tricuspid valve in 1.3%. Conclusion: Findings of the study will help to set public health programs for primary & secondary prevention of CRHD. Further population-based study is required to know the exact prevalence of the disease.
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Typhoid remain an increasing problem in Third world countries like Pakistan. A reliable, easy and affordable rapid diagnostic test is a need for our clinicians, many of whom consider Typhidot to be promising. Typhidot has been used as the only tool to diagnose typhoid fever by general practitioners and consultants despite its low sensitivity and specificity causing misdiagnosis and treatment. We therefore conducted this study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot in patients with fever. A retrospective analysis of a total of 145 febrile patients was done. Blood culture and Typhidot along with other relevant investigations had been performed in each case. Sensitivity, specificity and the association of Typhidot to the diagnosis was found using SPSS v16.0. Out of 145 patients, 15 [10.3%] had positive blood culture for Salmonella typhi, 7 [4.8%] had positive culture for salmonella paratyphi and 94 [64.8%] had positive culture for other organisms. Twenty nine [20%] patients had negative culture results. Forty seven [32.4%] patients had only IgM positive on Typhidot, 7 [4.8%] had both IgM and IgG positive and 91 [62.8%] had both IgM and IgG negative. Amongst the 130 patients with diseases other than typhoid, 50 [38.5%] showed a positive Typhidot result. Amongst the 15 patients with typhoid, 11 [73.3%] showed a negative Typhidot result. The sensitivity of Typhidot was found to be 26.7% and the specificity was 61.5%. The Positive Predictive Value [PPV] was 7.4% and the Negative Predictive Value [NPV] was 87.9%. Even though Typhidot is rapid, easy and affordable, its use should be discouraged due to low sensitivity and specificity and insignificant [p=0.067] association to the disease
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Febre , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AIM@#To evaluate the effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract on the dietary supplementation in the transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease.@*METHOD@#The effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract was studied on the transgenic Drosophila model of flies expressing normal human alpha synuclein (h-αs) in the neurons. O. sanctum extract at final concentrations of 0.042 8 × 10(-4), 0.87 × 10(-4), and 1.85 × 10(-4) g·mL(-1) of diet were established and the flies were allowed to feed for 21 days. The climbing assay and lipid peroxidation were taken as parameters for the study.@*RESULTS@#The supplementation of O. sanctum extract showed a dose-dependent significant delay in the loss of climbing ability and reduction in oxidative stress in the brain of PD model flies.@*CONCLUSION@#The results of the present study showed that the O. sanctum extract is potent in reducing the PD symptoms in transgenic Drosophila model.