[ relationship between leadership styles and spiritual intelligence of managers headquarter units of the Kerman university of medical sciences in 2016]

Introduction: One of the managers' characteristics that lead to the success of the modern organizations is managers' intelligence. The intelligence that enable managers to make strategic decisions in these organizations is spiritual intelligence. Another characteristic of managers that lead to the success of the organizations is how to apply the effective leadership styles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and managers' spiritual intelligence in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2016

Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 71 managers of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in the three levels of management who were selected using census method. In this study, spiritual intelligence was measured using King Questionnaire and leadership style was measured using Metzcus and Burdens questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Then Structural Equation Modeling [SEM] was used by Smart PLS 2.0

Results: The results showed that managers of Kerman University of Medical Sciences often use task-oriented leadership style [67%]. There was a significant positive relationship between the spiritual intelligence and leadership styles and also between the spiritual intelligence and education level of managers [P=0.01]. It was also revealed that the managers who use the combination of leadership style, have higher level of spiritual intelligence

Conclusion: Due to the condition of modern organizations which are always faced with different challenges, managers are recommended to raise the level of their spiritual intelligence by reinforcing their beliefs and values and using the combination of leadership style for leading the organization

Factors affecting leave out of general practitioners from rural family physician program: a case of Kerman, Iran

Rural family physician program as the new reform in the Iranian health system has been implemented since 2005. Its success depends much on physicians' retention. The present study aimed to identify influential factors on physicians' willingness to leave out this program in Kerman province. The present cross-sectional study was performed in Kerman province in 2011. All family physicians working in this program [n = 271] were studied using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and logistic regression through SPSS version 18.0. Twenty-six percent [70] of the physicians had left out the program in the past. In addition, 77.3% [208] intended to leave out in the near future. Opportunity for continuing education, inappropriate and long working hours, unsuitable requirements of salary, irregular payments, lack of job security and high working responsibility were regarded as the most important reasons for leaving out the program in the past and intention to leave out in future orderly. According to univariate logistic regression, younger physicians [odds ratio [OR] =2.479; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.261-4.872] and physicians who had older children [OR = 4.743; 95% CI: 1.441-15.607] were more willing to leave out the plan in the near future, however it was not significant in multivariate logistic regression. Physician retention in family physician program is faced with serious doubts due to different reasons. The success of the program is endangered because of the pivotal role of human resources. Hence, the revision of human resources policies of the program seems necessary in order to reduce physicians leave out and improving its effectiveness

Prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Iran, a mata-analysis

Search results show that numerous primary studies have been carried out in different parts of Iran regarding prevalence of G6PD deficiency; if results of these studies are combined, a reliable estimation of prevalence of this factor will be achieved in Iran. Thus, present study, aimed to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency by combining findings of qualified primary studies using meta-analysis and taking into account heterogeneity considerations. Searching the relevant keywords in Iranian and International databases, primary studies were selected. After quality appraisal and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant primary studies were selected. In each study, standard error of prevalence of G6PD was calculated according to binominal distribution formula. Finally, heterogeneity index was determined among studies using Cochran's test. Prevalence of G6PD in Iran was estimated by STATA software ver 11 using fixed or random effect model based on heterogeneity results. 148916 subjects in 36 primary studies which entered this meta-analysis were examined. G6PD deficiency prevalence was 6.7% in Iran [men: 8.8% and women: 2.2%]. Also, this deficiency in the present study was four times higher in men than in women. Its prevalence was adjusted in different parts of Iran and it was shown that it was between 0.8 and 15.2 using Bayesian analysis. This meta-analysis showed that Iran is among countries with high frequency of G6PD deficiency and there is a significant difference in prevalence of G6PD in different parts of Iran. According to these results, screening newborn children seems very vital. Carrying out other primary studies regarding prevalence of G6PD seems unnecessary

Identification of mutation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD] in Iran: meta-analysis study

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is one of the most common genetic deficiencies, which approximately 400 million people in the world suffer from. According to authors' initial search, numerous studies have been carried out in Iran regarding molecular variants of this enzyme. Thus, this meta-analysis presented a reliable estimation about prevalence of different types of molecular mutations of G6PD Enzyme in Iran. Keywords "glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase or G6PD, Mediterranean or Chatham or Cosenza and mutation, Iran or Iranian and their Persian equivalents" were searched in different databases. Moreover, reference list of the published studies were examined to increase sensitivity and to select more studies. After studying titles and abstracts of retrieved articles, excluding the repeated and unrelated ones, and evaluating quality of articles, documents were selected. Data was analyzed using STATA. After performing systematic review, 22 papers were entered this meta-analysis and 1698 subjects were examined concerning G6PD molecular mutation. In this meta-analysis, prevalence of Mediterranean mutation, Chatham mutation and Cosenza mutation in Iran was estimated 78.2%, 9.1% and 0.5% respectively. This meta-analysis showed that in spite of prevalence of different types of G6PD molecular mutations in center, north, north-west and west of Iran, the most common molecular mutations in people with G6PD deficiency in Iran, like other Mediterranean countries and countries around Persian Gulf, were Mediterranean mutation, Chatham mutation and Cosenza mutation. It is also recommended that future studies may focus on races and regions which haven't been taken into consideration up to now

[Challenges of general practice education in Iran: a qualitative study]

Background and Objective: According to some evidences, medical graduates do not evaluate their skills and capabilities to perform professional responsibilities at an acceptable level. In other words, there is a disagreement among authorities and experts of medical education in this regard. This study aimed to survey the challenges of general physician-education system in Iran

Methods: This applied study was carried out by qualitative method. A purposeful sample of 23 informants participated in the study. Semi-structured interview was applied for data collection and Data were analyzed using framework method

Results A total of 23 subthemes classified under 6 major themes were identified. Major themes included strategies of general practice education, structural issues, incomprehensiveness of courses and curriculum, educational fields, educational problems, and resources

Conclusion: Due to several issues, the effectiveness of general physician-education in Iran is faced with serious challenges. Incompatibility of education with real needs of the community is one of the most important issues. Therefore, general-physician education should move toward becoming more practical and empowering medical students to manage health centers should be taken into account in a systematic and efficient manner