RESUMO
Adipose tissue is not considered anymore as a passive depot for storing excess energy in the form of triglycerides but as an active organ secreting several hormones or adipokines. This review gives some knowledge about history of discovery, ways of measurements, and biochemical and pathophysiological effects of adiponectin
Assuntos
Adipocinas , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade , Tecido Adiposo , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo Lipídico , Glucose/metabolismoRESUMO
The neurotransmission at most if not all synapses is chemical and is of great biochemical, physiological and pharmacological importance. Neurons communicate with each other at synapses by a process called synaptic transmission which is the release of small quantities of chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters that alter the electrical activity of neurons after they interact with receptors on post-synaptic cell surfaces. This review gives a biochemical view on the nature of neurotransmitters and presents the biochemical chart and the medical relevance of the most important neurotransmitters
Assuntos
Transmissão Sináptica , Neurônios , Sinapses , Receptores de Neurotransmissores , Vesículas Sinápticas , Acetilcolina , Peptídeos Opioides , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico , Doença de Parkinson , Miastenia GravisRESUMO
Methylcobalamin is one form of cobalamin that acts as a nerve growth factor. Since adrenal medulla is part of the nervous system, therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of methylcobalamin on this gland in rats. Albino rats were injected with methylcobalamin for 14 days; adrenals were taken, fixed in Ortho's fixative, and embedded in paraffin. They were cut in thin sections and stained with H and E and Giemsa stain. They were studied under light microscope. The result showed that methylcobalamin has stimulated the adrenal medulla, which was expressed by dilated vessels, and increase in the granularity and size of chromaffin norepinephrine containing cells. Sympathetic ganglionic cells have also increased in number and size. Cortical zona reticularis was hypervascular and hypertrophied. This study suggests that, methylcobalamin might have acted directly through the sympathetic nerves on the adrenal medulla or indirectly on the medulla through the adrenal cortex resulting in an increase in number of norepinephrine containing cells and the ganglionic sympathetic cells