RESUMO
Background: the occurrences of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy have increased quickly in the past few decades and have become an economic burden to the healthcare system in KSA. Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and is a primary cause of end-stage renal disease [ESRD]. The occurrence of non-diabetic renal disease [NDRD] in diabetic patients has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It is generally believed that it is difficult to reverse diabetic nephropathy, whereas some cases of non-diabetic renal disease are readily treatable and remittable. However, diabetic nephropathy is known to co-exist with non-diabetic renal disease in a poorly defined population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study estimated the pervasiveness of co-existing diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease in Saudi patients
Methods: data were retrospectively analyzed from 122 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had experienced a renal biopsy between February 2014 and June 2017 at King Abdulaziz Hospital, region[s], KSA. Male patients numbered 75 [61.5%] of the study population. The biopsies were performed as urinary abnormalities or renal functions were atypical of a diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Biopsy samples were examined using light, immunofluorescence [IF] and electron microscopy [EM]. Clinical parameters were recorded for each patient at the time of biopsy
Results: nineteen of 122 diabetic patients [8%] had co-existing diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease. These patients showed clinical features and pathologic characteristics of diabetic nephropathy, containing a high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy [88.8%], a long duration of diabetes, increased thickness of the glomerular basement membrane [GBM] and mesangial expansion. Nonetheless, they similarly presented with clinical findings which were inconsistent with diabetic nephropathy, such as hematuria, rapidly progressive renal failure and marked proteinuria. Immunoglobulin A [IgA] nephropathy was apparent in 5 out of the 10 patients [50%], tubulointerstitial lesions were found in two patients [20%], membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis [MPGN] in two patients [20%] and membranous nephropathy [MN] in one patients [10%]
Conclusion: retrospective analysis of biopsy data suggests that approximately 8% of Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may have co-existing diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease. The most common histological diagnosis in our small series was IgA nephropathy
RESUMO
Background: A deficiency of Vitamin D not only causes poor bone mineralization but also has been implicated in many other chronic diseases. Recent studies have suggested a relevance of vitamin D to reproductive physiology. Moreover, recent evidence is establishing to support the hypothesis that vitamin D status may contribute to the development of metabolic disturbances in PCOS
Aim of the study: To investigate the relationship between Vitamin D level and polymorphisms related to metabolic disturbances particularly Insulin resistance in women with PCOS
Methods: A review of the scientific literature [PubMed Search 1960 to 2017] Pubmed, Embase and CENTRAL were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated The Correlation between Depression and Folate Deficiency as the primary outcome. Identification of papers and data extraction were performed by two independent researchers. We searched for relevant trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE [from 1960], Embase [from 1960], and ongoing trial databases; all searches current to October 2017
Results: Eight studies were included enrolling 1225 women; 779 patients with depression and 446 control subjects. Univariate regression analyses of the weighted means indicated a significant correlation between vitamin D and IR predictability in both PCOS and control women. However, the significance was neutralized after factoring BMI in PCOS women
Conclusion: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting an inverse association between vitamin D status and metabolic disturbances in PCOS in the current literature yet heterogeneity of the conducted studies made it difficult to come out with a solid conclusion. Nevertheless, normalization of vitamin D levels is recommended generally and especially for PCOS patients
RESUMO
Background: Although neurological and psychiatric disorders account for only 1.4% of all deaths, they account for a remarkable 28% of all years of life lived with a disability. Thus all doctors must be prepared to meet the needs of patients with such disorders and refer appropriately for specialized care and investigations, bearing in mind that neurologists often function as consultants for other physicians
Methods: We have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Tabuk city population, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted during the period from October to December 2017. The participants who attended the clinical years and interns at College of Medicine at University of Tabuk were included in the study. The total sample obtained was 104. A self-administered questionnaire, about perception and knowledge about neurological specialties, was filled by participants
Results: The range of age was 21-26, with a mean [SD] of 22.72 [1.837], the majority were interns [34.6%]. Nearly [31%] of them reported neurosurgery as the most difficult specialty
Conclusion: This study highlights some of the reasons and suggestions to improve and correct perception of neurological specialties and subjects