Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in newborn: a case report

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare and serious disorder of the gastrointestinal tract motility with the primary defect of impaired peristalsis. Symptoms are consistent with a bowel obstruction, although mechanical obstruction cannot be identified. It is a rare differential diagnosis for neonatal intestinal obstruction. Herein we report a case of neonate with non-resolving intestinal pseudo-obstruction, presenting since birth as progressive abdominal distention. The diagnosis was made by exclusion of mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction via thorough imaging studies.

Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

In spite of the fact that anemia is the most widely recognized systemic sign of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], among the expansive range of extraintestinal malady complexities experienced in IBD, including joint inflammation and osteopathy, it has for the most part gotten little thought. In any case, as far as recurrence, as well as to its potential impact on hospitalization rates and on the personal satisfaction and work, sickliness is, in fact, a huge and expensive intricacy of IBD

Frailty is multifactorial in nature, the most predominant etiological structures being iron deficiency anemia [IDA] and anemia of a chronic disease. In a condition related to irritation, for example, IBD, the assurance of iron status utilizing normal biochemical parameters alone is insufficient. A more exact evaluation might be achieved utilizing new iron lists including reticulocyte hemoglobin content, the rate of hypochromic red cells or zinc protoporphyrin. While oral iron supplementation has generally been a backbone of IDA treatment, it has likewise been connected to a broad gastrointestinal reactions and conceivable infection compounding. Be that as it may, numerous doctors are as yet hesitant to administer iron intravenously, in spite of the wide accessibility of an assortment of new IV arrangements with enhanced safety profiles, and in spite of the proposals of worldwide master rules. We present a review of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of IDA in IBD, improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, efficacy, and safety of iron replacement in IBD

Impact of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] C677T gene polymorphism on clinical outcomes of HLA-matched sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT] is widely used to treat various hematological malignant and non-malignant diseases. The occurrence of complications following HSCTas graft versus host disease[GVHD], hepatic veno-occlusive disease [VOD], oral mucositis [OM], drug induced hepatic and renal adverse events- is highly variable and dependent on a multitude of host, donor, and treatment factors. Identifying important genetic variables will allow for better prediction of HSCTrelated outcomes, and in the process of identifiing these susceptibilities, that could help to develop targeted interventions

Objectives: to evaluate impact of the C677T polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTNFR] on the clinical outcomes of patients treated using human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling stem cell transplantation as acute gruff versus host disease [GVHD],oral mucositis ,drug induced hepatic and renal toxicity, transplant related mortality[TRM] and overall survival[OS]

Patients and Methods: we examined the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] at position 677 in the MTHFR gene of patients with outcomes of allogeneic HSCT. MTHFR genotyping was performed by po2ymerase chain reaction-restriction fiagment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP]

Results: 46 Patients with complete clinical records were recruited. Median age at the time of HSCT was 22 years [range 3-42 years]; 32 patients [69.6%] above >/=18 years, and the median follow-up period of survivors was 21 months. 212efrequencies of the MTHFR C677T genotypes in patients were 43.5% [20 patients] for 677CC, 50% [23 patients] for 677CX and 6.5% [3 patients] for 677TT; the allelic frequency of the 677T was 31.5%. Recipient MTHFR677 in CT or TT versus CC showed non-statistically significant higher incidence of acute GVHD [7/26] 26.9% versus [2/20] 10%; p=0.15, hepatic toxicity [11/26] 42.3% versus [5/20] 25%, p= 0.22 and TRM [5/26] 19.2% versus [2/20] 10%; p=0.45. Recipients with variant allele MTHFR 677T were associated with lower non statistically signijicant overall survival; p=0.281. Conclusion: Genofyping for WHFR C677T before HSCT could have clinical significance, not statistically proven in our study, in prediction of patients at high risk of developing poor outcomes. Larger studies with homogeneous HSCT cohort are needed to identifi such potential phar]nacogenetic markers with suflciently strong evidence to be used in clinical practice

Reconstitution of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis enzymes in mammalian cells to convert LA to DHA / 生物工程学报

DHA (22:6n-3) is a Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds, which has important biological functions in human body. Human and other mammals synthesize only limited amounts of DHA, more requirements must be satisfied from food resources. However, the natural resources of DHA (Mainly deep-sea fish and other marine products) are prone to depletion. New resources development is still insufficient to satisfy the growing market demand. Previous studies have revealed that the mammals can increase the synthesis of DHA and other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids after transgenic procedures. In this study, mammalian cells were transfected with Δ6, Δ5 desaturase, Δ6, Δ5 elongase, Δ15 desaturase (Isolated from nematode Caenorhabditis elegans) and Δ4 desaturase (Isolated from Euglena gracilis), simultaneously. Results show that the expression or overexpression of these 6 enzymes is capable of conversion of the o-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in DHA (22:6n-3). DHA content has increased from 16.74% in the control group to 25.3% in the experimental group. The strategy and related technology in our research provided important data for future production the valuable DHA (22:6n-3) by using genetically modified animals.

Effect of different instrumentation techniques on vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth

Statement of the Problem: Vertical root fractures are catastrophic events that often result in tooth extraction. Many contributing factor are associated with increasing incidence of vertical root fracture. Root canal preparation is one of the predisposing factors which can increase the root susceptibility to vertical fracture

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three different instrumentation techniques on vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth

Materials and Methods: In this study, 120 freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth of similar dimensions were decoronated and randomly divided into control [n=30], nickel-titanium hand K-file [HF, n=30], BioRaCe rotary file [BR, n=30], and WaveOne reciprocating single-file [WO, n=30] groups. After cleaning and shaping the root canals, AH26 was used as canal sealer, and obturation was completed using the continuous wave technique. The root canals were embedded vertically in standardised autopolymerising acrylic resin blocks, and subjected to a vertical load to cause vertical root fracture. The forces required to induce fractures were measured using a universal testing machine. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to analyse the data

Results: All experimental groups showed statistically significant reductions in fracture resistance as compared with the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the HF and BR groups. The WO group did not differ significantly from the HF group or the BR group

Conclusion: All three instrumentation techniques caused weakening of the structure of the roots, and rendered them susceptible to fracture under lesser load than unprepared roots. The fracture resistance of roots prepared with the single-file reciprocating technique was similar to that of those prepared with NiTi hand and rotary instrumentation techniques

Comparative effect of ultrasound therapy versus static stretching on the extensibility of hamstring muscles.

Background: Many peoples suffer from tight hamstring muscles which predispose them to injury when they engage in vigorous physical activity. Ultrasound therapy have been used to enhance the effectiveness of muscle stretching, but evidence supporting their benefits is confusing. Aims & Objective: The Objective of the current study is to compare the immediate effect of ultrasound (US) and static stretching exercise on the extensibility of hamstring muscles. Materials and Methods: Forty normal Participants between the ages of 18 and 21 who demonstrated at least 15 degrees of unilateral hamstring tightness. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) ultrasound therapy; (2) 30 second static stretching; (3) ultrasound therapy and 30 second static stretching; and (4) control group which don't receive any treatment. The Main Outcome Measure was Hamstring extensibility measured by active knee extension test (AKE). Differences were compared within groups and between treatment groups using one way analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference between pre and post-treatment in all treatment groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference regarding the control group (p>0.05). 30 second Static stretching exercise followed by 1 MHZ ultrasound therapy showed a significant increase in AKE when compared by sole treatment or control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of ultrasound therapy followed by 30 second static stretching enhance the flexibility of hamstring muscle. This results can aid in designing physical therapy protocols for similar conditions.

Overexpression of four fatty acid synthase genes elevated the efficiency of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis in mammalian cells / 生物工程学报

Three long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), are the most biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body. They are important in developing and maintaining the brain function, and in preventing and treating many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation and cancer. Although mammals can biosynthesize these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the efficiency is very low and dietary intake is needed to meet the requirement. In this study, a multiple-genes expression vector carrying mammalian A6/A5 fatty acid desaturases and multiple-genes expression vector carrying mammalian Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid desaturases and Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid elongases coding genes was used to transfect HEK293T cells, then the overexpression of the target genes was detected. GC-MS analysis shows that the biosynthesis efficiency and level of DHA, EPA and ARA were significantly increased in cells transfected with the multiple-genes expression vector. Particularly, DHA level in these cells was 2.5 times higher than in the control cells. This study indicates mammal possess a certain mechanism for suppression of high level of biosynthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the overexpression of Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid desaturases and Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid elongases broke this suppression mechanism so that the level of DHA, EPA and ARA was significantly increased. This study also provides a basis for potential applications of this gene construct in transgenic animal to produce high level of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Increased frequency of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + circulating regulatory T cells [Treg] in tuberculous patients

CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + circulating regulatory T cells [Treg] play a fundamental role in the control of immune responses by down-regulating the function of effector CD4 + or CDS + T cells. Active suppression by Treg might be important in controlling immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Mtb]. This study was conducted to evaluate the cellular immune response to Mtb, by evaluation of Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis [PTB], patients with tuberculous pleurisy [TP] and healthy positive PPD persons as control, then evaluation after 6 months of anti-TB therapy, also evaluation of Treg cells in pleural fluid mononuclear cells [PFMCs] from patients with tuberculous pleurisy [TP]. We compared the frequency of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + circulating regulatory T cells [Treg] in 20 patients with active pulmonary TB [PTB], 15 tuberculous pleurisy [TP] and 20 control latent tuberculosis. Treg frequencies in peripheral blood were significantly higher in patients with PTB and TP than in the control group [p < 0.001]. Treg frequencies were significantly higher in pleural effusions than in peripheral blood in the same group [p < 0.001]. Treg frequencies in peripheral blood were significantly decreased after 6 months of anti-TB treatment [p < 0.001]. Immune regulatory mechanisms may limit the immunopathologic condition of infection with M. tuberculosis and suppress cellular immune responses in the host. We investigated the CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + circulating regulatory T cells [Treg] in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy and latent TB, and the frequencies of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + T-cells after anti-TB therapy. MTB infection is associated with an increase in the frequency of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg in the blood of PTB and TP, in the pleural fluid of TP, decrease in the frequency after anti-TB therapy

Influence of operator's experience level on lifespan of the WaveOne Primary file in extracted teeth

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of operator experience level on the lifespan of the WaveOne Primary file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in extracted teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Moderately curved canals of extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were randomly distributed into 2 groups: experienced and inexperienced operators. Ten files were allocated to each group (n = 10). Each canal was prepared until the working length was reached, and the same file was used to prepare additional canals until it separated. The number of canals prepared before file separation was recorded. The fragment length of each file was measured, and the location of the fragment in the canal was determined. Data were statistically analysed using the independent 2-sample t-test. RESULTS: The 2 operators prepared a total of 324 moderately curved canals of maxillary and mandibular molars. There was no significant intergroup difference in the mean number of canals prepared (p = 0.27). The average lifespan of the WaveOne Primary file was 17.1 and 15.3 canals, and the longest lifespan was 25 and 20 canals, when used by experienced and inexperienced operators, respectively. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in separated fragment length and location. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, operator experience level appears to have no effect on the lifespan of the WaveOne Primary file in preparation of moderately curved canals. Single teeth with multiple canals can be prepared safely even by a novice operator by using a single file.

Value of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of thoracic venous abnormalities among pediatrics with congenital heart disease

Introduction: Venous anomalies of the thorax can involve systemic or pulmonary veins and range from isolated incidental findings to components of more complex anomalies, most often congenital heart disease [CHD]. Although echocardiography and catheter directed cardiac angiography are generally accepted as the primary imaging techniques for evaluation of CHD, CT and MRI are important complementary diagnostic tools. Multi-detector computed tomography [MDCT] with its increasing availability and utility is now becoming a further method of imaging CHD. In light of its widespread availability, MDCT and 3D imaging are increasingly considered as a viable “one-stop shop” for preoperative imaging evaluation of cardiovascular structures in selected pediatric patients

Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of MDCT in visualization of the thoracic venous system in pediatrics with congenital heart disease, show prevalence and types of venous anomalies and to compare this data with echocardiographic findings

Methods: The studied group included 30 cases referred to us by pediatric cardiologists to be examined by MSCT angiography of the heart and thoracic vessels. All the patients were known cases of congenital heart disease and underwent echocardiography. They were referred to answer specific anatomic question raised by inconclusive echocardiography, to assess suspected systemic and suspected pulmonary venous anomalies. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and MDCT examination with CT lightspeed VCT XT 64-detectors row scanner [General Electric, Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA]

Results: CTA findings had 77.8 % concordance with echocardiographic findings regarding SVC anomalies, 66.7 % concordance with echocardiography regarding IVC anomalies and 90 % concordance regarding pulmonary venous anomalies

Conclusion: Low dose protocol CTA is a promising method that complementary to Echocardioraphy for imaging of extracardiac vascular structures in pediatrics with congenital heart diseases

Prevalence, morphology and chemical composition of gallstones in 150 cholecystectomised patients

Gallstones are a major cause of morbidity worldwide, and cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed abdominal surgery m medicine. Gallstone-induced complications have a limited and overlapping pattern of clinical presentation. In this article, morphology, composition of gallstones as well as diagnosis and therapeutic options employed in their management are reviewed. The study is to define the different types of gallstones, and to identify their characteristics and chemical coemposition in 150 patients A retrospective study was performed on one hundred and fifty patients who were subjected to cholecystectomy during the period from January 1992 to January 2007, in the gastro-enterology and hepatology center and Al-Mustansyria Private Hospital in Baghdad by one consultant surgeon. The female: male ratio was 4:1 and the peak age group was that between 41-50 years. Thirteen percent of patients required explorations of the common bile duct [CBD], 72.7% of them were jaundiced, and 27.3% of those who had CBD exploration were not jaundiced. Ninety point seven percent of cholecystectomies were perfornied for calculus ebolecystitis and 9.3% were for acalculus cholecystitis. Of the 136 patients with calculus cholecystitis, 19.9% had a solitary stone, and 32.4% had 2-10 stones; the highest number of stones was 250. Forty nine percent of stones were less than one centimeter in size; with the biggest stone being 4.5 cm in size. Unlike what is expected of "mixed stones ", they were not more than 30.9% of cases, while "cholesterol stones "constituting 40.4% of cases." pigment stones" constituted only 8.8% of stones; with "combined stones" constituting 17.6% of cases. There is an increased prevalence of gallstones in females and the frequency of gallstones increases with age in both sexes. In this article, there has been recognized three types of gallstones, cholesterol, mixed and pigment [black and brown] stones. The cholesterol stones account for more than 40% [the highest percentage of gallstones in the study]

antimicrobial activity of actinomycetes against multi-drug resistant bacteria

The study investigates the antibacterial and antifungal activity of some actinomycetes microorganisms. Twenty actinomycetes were isolated from different soils at various locations in Egypt. Cultural, morphological and physiological characteristic of this isolates indicated that they belong to Streptomyces sp. The isolates have antagonistic activity against different Gram negative and Gram positive multi-drug resistant bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Two isolates namely Streptomyces bobili FS-3 and Streptomyces poonensis FS-4 were further investigated. The potency of antimicrobial activity depend on incubation time, the nutritional factors such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources and environmental factors such a initial pH, medium capacity, size, type and age of inoculum

Management of breast cancer in Aden hospitals during the period 2005-2007

The breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women. This study was carried in Aden general and private hospitals during the period of two years [2005-2007], with the main objectives to analyze breast cancer according to sex, age, other aims are to identify some tumor characteristic, like histopathology, size, site, stage, and the type of surgical treatment applied in comparison to other developed countries. 120 patients were included; all were female except one male the range of age was 22-to 86 years. with an average of 46 +/- 11, and the peak age of incidence between 40-50. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common pathological type found in 88.3% of the cases, with invasive lobular constituting only 7.5% of cases. Modified radical mastectomy and axillary clearance was the standard surgical treatment in this study, with breast conserving surgery done only in few cases. The breast cancer strikes females at their productive age with a median age of 46 years. Modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance being the standard surgical method used and the invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common type found. Accordingly, we recommend the following: [1] development and implementation of early breast cancer detection programmes and increase at the public awareness about breast cancer, [2] providing general hospitals with all the facilities needed for accurate diagnosis [3] creation of a well-staff breast unit in Aden to which all patients should be referred, [4] building up a radiotherapy unit in Aden

Status of zinc and copper concentrations in seminal plasma of male infertility and their correlation with various sperm parameters

Human semen contains high concentrations of zinc [Zn] and copper [Cu] in bound and ionic forms .The presence of abnormal levels of these trace elements may affect spermatogenesis with regard to production, maturation, motility, and fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa. The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of Zn and Cu in seminal plasma in different groups of male infertility and to correlate their concentrations with various semen parameters. Forty primary infertile male individuals, who had regular unprotected intercourse for at least one year without conception with their partners, aged 25-40 years were involved in the present study .After seminal plasma fluid analyses they were grouped as, azoospermic [n=12], oligoasthenozoospermic [n=16], and teratozoospermic [n=12]. Twelve fertile males selected from general population and after seminal fluid investigation were taken as normospermic control group .Zinc and Copper concentrations in separated seminal plasma of each infertile male and fertile control subject were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. This study showed significant decrease of seminal plasma Zn mean [ +/- SEM] value in oligoasthenozoospermic infertile males than in fertile male controls [p<0.037]. In azoospermic males, the mean [ +/- SEM] value of seminal plasma Zn levels was decreased [but still beyond the significant level,p=0.08] when compared with that of fertile males. With regard to seminal plasma copper level there was insignificant decrease in its level in azoospermic males and insignificant increase in its concentration in oligoasthenozoospermic and in teratozoospermic males when compared with that of healthy fertile males.In addition, there was a significant decrease in seminal plasma copper concentration in azoospermic males than in oligoasthenozoospermic males [p<0.035].The results also revealed a significant positive correlation between the sperm motility values and the seminal plasma zinc levels in oligoasthenozoospermic group[r=0.68, p<0.022] along with a significant negative correlation between sperm morphology values and zinc seminal plasma levels in teratozoospermic group [r=-0.63,p<0.049]. On the basis of the findings of this study, it seems that the estimation of seminal plasma levels of zinc and copper may aid in investigation and treatment of infertile males

Blood glucose concentration and ischemic heart failure

Schemic heart failure [IHF] is the most common cause of congestive heart failure. Several studies have revealed that hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for the progression of IHF in the general population. Is to evaluate the relationship between fasting blood glucose concentration and the development of IHF in patients with CAD. This study included 28 patients with IHF, 22 patients with coronary artery disease [CAD] without HF and 22 healthy controls. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C] were measured in these two groups of patients and controls. The present study revealed that the mean [ +/- SEM] value of fasting plasma glucose in patients with IHF [127 +/- 7.64 mg/dl] was significantly higher than that obtained from CAD patients without HF [93.6 +/- 3.96 mg/dl, P<0.0001] as well as from healthy controls [80.8 +/- 2.52 mg/dl, P<0.0001]. The mean values [ +/- SEM] of serum total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol did not differ significantly among the three groups of the present study. This study showed that serum glucose level may play an important role [partially] in the development and progression of IHF in patients with CAD and normal cardiac contractile function

Chloroquine-resistant malaria among school children, in hudibou, Socotra Island, Republic of Yemen

Only a few studies of chloroquine-resistant malaria have been conducted in the Republic of Yemen; such studies have not been conducted in Socotra Island. It is the aim of this study, to conduct such a study among the school children on the island. A cross sectional descriptive study using a 7 day in vivo test was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of malaria among elementary school children in Hudibou [Socotra Island], to study susceptibility of P. Falciparum to chloroquine, and to determine the degree of chloroquine resistance. Findings revealed that the prevalence of malaria was 11%, chloroquine-resistant malaria was found to be 15.38%. First and second degree of resistance were reported. Four cases [15.38%] of chloroquine resistance were observed, of which 2 [7.69%] represented early RI and 2 [7.69%] represented RII

Effect of E-learning on medical students performance

Methods of teaching medical sciences have been changed since the concepts of e-learning have been introduced in the last few years. In addition, the integration of health informatics and e-learning concepts into medical education has been applied in many medical schools new curriculum. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of multimedia like video clips, in addition to the theoretical lessons, will improve students' academic performance. The study has been designed to compare the results obtained from the scores of human Embryology course for two groups of second year medical students at College of Medicine, King Abdulazizi University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The first group [M1, No=50] went through theoretical teaching using conventional methods [lectures and tutorials using Power Point slides]. During the same period of time, the second group of medical students [M2, No=50] were taught by combination of traditional lectures and embryology videos. This multimedia presentation was used in order to reinforce the key issues of the lectures. The evaluation of theoretical knowledge was examined by a multiple-choice test of 15 questions and a written exam consists of 5 short essays. The results showed that students watched multimedia presentation [M2 group] performed significantly better [p < 0.05] than those students who only taught by conventional lectures. Students opinion about subject interest and the adequacy of the teaching materials showed no significant difference [p > 0.05]. However, students evaluation regarding their general satisfaction about teaching methods was statistically significant [p < 0.05] between group M1 and group M2. It was concluded that using e-learning for teaching human embryology course has considerably improved student's comprehension of theoretical contents and their exam performance

Some aspects of the efficiency of Cotesia sp.[Hymenoptera: Braconidae]in infecting the larose of Tarucus rosacea[Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae]

The study has indicated that Cotesia sp. Parasite is very efficient in infecting the larvae of Traucus rosacea and it infects all the larval stages of the host in the same degree. The highest percentage of parasiting was [76.10 percent] during May-2001. However, the parasite showed no activity during March, August and September of the same year, but it was very active in October [56.25] which is the highest average realized by the parasite in one year. It has been found that these is a clear congruity between the increase in the larvae number and the increase in the host's larvae. The study has also showed that the parasite females do not prefer laying their ages on some of the larvae in particular. No significant difference were noticed in prefer the parasite infecting on host's larvae. There is no effect of the Zizyphus tress on the present of the parasites. The highest percentage of parasiting was [88.88 and 89.74 percent] in April and May in case of the fourth larval stage. The lest percentage of parasiting in the first larval stage was [50.00 and 30.00 percent] in April May respectively

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide innervation of the vas deferense, seminal vesicles and prostate in young adult and aged male rats

Previous studies have shown that the lower urinary tract of rats has a dense peptidergic innervation and there was a marked reduction in the density of Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide [PACAP] innervation of the subepithelial plexus and of the muscularis region of the bladder base of aged rats. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aging upon PACAP immunoreactive [IR] nerve densities in the rat vas deference, seminal vesicle and prostate. Tissues from male Wistar rats, aged 3 months and 24 months were used in this study. Immunostaining for PACAP was performed using Tyramide System Amplification [TSA-Indirect] and examined by immunofluorescent microscopy. Semi-quantitative estimations of nerve densities were made of fibres innervating the epithelium and smooth musculature of the three urogenital structures. The study has shown that there are no remarkable changes in PACAP immunostaining of vas deference, seminal vesicles and prostate between young and aged rats. This finding suggests that the sensory function of these parts of genital tract in male rats may be little compromised in old age

Outcome of one-stage Duhamel's operation using circular stapler in treatment of Hirschsprung's disease -feasability and validity

Background: Hirschsprung's disease [HSCR] is the most common congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system. Duhamel's Operation [DO] is among the accepted procedures for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. One stage pull-through without colostomy has been reported. The procedure is currently performed using circular staplers, which afford equally good results

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and feasability of one-stage Duhamel's procedure using circular stapler for treatment Hirschsprung's disease

Patients and methods: Over a period or 2 years, 22 child patients have been treated by one stage Duhamel's operation using circular stapler after good preparation of the colon. Clinical presentation, other anomalies, operative time, intraoperative complications, bowel habits, continence scoring, postoperative complications and mean of body weight were reported within 2-ycars follow-up period

Results: The mean or age was 2.6 years [range: 1-4 years]. There was post-operative wound infection in one case, no infection at the anastomotic site, or pelvic collection. Motion was passed within 24 to 48 hours and the patients discharge from the hospital within 7 to 14 days postoperative. There were no intraoperative complications. All postoperative complications were mild to moderate in severity and improved after medical treatment. Bowel function was significantly improved after surgery. There was a significant increase in the modified Kelly's continence scoring after operation [p-value <0.001]

Conclusion: One-stage Duhamel's operation with circular stapler has a great satisfactory results in infancy and early childhood