RESUMO
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of abnormal laboratory and physical findings, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state, and prothrombotic state that results in a patient having significantly higher risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. There are slight differences between institutions in defining metabolic syndrome across the world. To achieve adequate management and treatment and decrease the risk of subsequent diseases, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
Aim: In this review, we aimed to study the pathophysiology behind the development of metabolic syndrome, and also to explore the approach to its management
Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: metabolic syndrome, pro-thrombotic state, pro-inflammatory state, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular mortality
Results: The major aspects of treatment include weight reduction by diet, medication, as well as bariatric surgery [in some cases], and managing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with diet and medication
Conclusion: The most important intervention in managing patients with metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification with improved diet and exercise. To achieve adequate treatment and decrease the risk of adverse outcomes, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
RESUMO
Background: Nutritional anemia or anemia due to dietary causes is the most common form, yet, it is the easiest to manage compared to other forms of anemia. Some of the most common nutritional deficiencies are iron, cobalamin, folate, and also other elements like copper. Anemia due to diet is mostly asymptomatic in the initial phase until the stores are depleted, which can take a few months to several years, depending upon the cause
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE fromJanuary 1987 toMarch 2017. The following search terms were used: nutritional anemia, dietary anemia, iron deficiency anemia, cobalamin deficiency, folic acid deficiency anemia, dietary anemia treatment
Aim of the work: In this study we aimed at understanding the different types of anemia caused as a result of dietary deficiency. We also briefly studied their presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment
Conclusion: Various causes of anemia, presentations, and complications associated with the different types of nutritional anemia, which is considered the easiest to treat and manage. Most cases are due to an underlying occult disorder rather than simple dietary insufficiency. Diagnosis can be more difficult in some cases, and require thorough history and investigations and integration to reach to an accurate conclusion and consequently treat the underlying cause