RESUMO
Background: Mass gathering has not received much attention of researches as one of the potentially traumatic events in the field of psychological studies. Mina [Mecca, Saudi Arabia] disaster during 2015 hajj occurred in this context. Individuals may be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression and somatic symptoms following traumatic events. Narrative exposure therapy [NET [has been known as a therapeutic protocol for PTSD and trauma-related disorders. The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and the co-morbid symptoms of Iranian survivors of Mina disaster
Materials and Methods: The present study is based on single-case experimental design [SCED] with baseline. Eight Survivors of Mina disaster who met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and completed inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups NET and control. The experimental group participant received twelve NET sessions individually. Data collection tool included PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5] and Beck depression inventory-II [BDI-II], patient health questionnaire 15 [PHQ-15]. Data was analyzed using the cut-off point, percentage improvement index, RCI and the Hedges'g effect size
Results: Total percentage improvement of participant receiving NET for PTSD, was 68.25 percent, depression 63.25 percent, and somatic symptoms was 53.75 percent. All changes in the participant receiving NET were clinically significant in severity of PTSD, depression and somatic symptoms [RCI>/=1.96]
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, NET has a significant effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms and its co-morbid symptoms
RESUMO
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disease affects the lungs and organs outside the lungs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in patients who were referred to teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Three hundred ninety two patients with COPD who attended to the teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from March to June 2009 were assessed. Laboratory and clinical data of patients was gathered from their medical records. We used global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease criteria in order to categorize severity of disease in patients. The mean age of patients was 66.5 +/- 12.3 years and 289 [73.7%] subjects were men. The overall prevalence of anemia was 36.7% [95% CI: 31%-41%]. Twenty two females [21.4%] and 110 males [38.1%] were anemic. There was a positive correlation between age and hemoglobin level. In group two [COPD stages I to II], there was 43.5% prevalence of anemia versus 34.1% in group three [COPD stages III to IV]. There was a high prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD. Anemia can limit the physical activity of these patients and worsen dyspnea. Therefore, more attention needs to he given to anemia while managing these patients in clinics