RESUMO
During Ramadan fasting quantity and quality of dietary intake may change. There was no data on nutrient patterns in Ramadan fasting. The purpose of this study was to identify Ramadan major nutrient patterns among those who fast in Tehran, Iran. 510 fasting people aged 18-65 years and BMI 18.5-40 Kg/m2 were recruited in our study by 2-stage cluster sampling method in June-July 2014. Data on the socio-demographic and physical activity level were collected by questionnaire. Usual diet during Ramadan was estimated by valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. BMI was calculated based on measured height and weight. Three nutrient patterns derived by conducting principal component factor analysis on 30 major nutrients. Micronutrient and fiber pattern which characterized by high intake of vitamin K, total fiber, iron, manganese, magnesium, beta-carotene, folate, vitamin B12, potassium and calcium was adversely associated with weight [b=-0.16, P= 0.004]. High protein pattern had great loadings on protein, riboflavin, phosphorous and zinc which physical activity level was decreased by tertiles of this pattern [b=0.13, P=0.02]. High carbohydrate pattern which presented high positive loadings on carbohydrate and thiamin and negative loading on total fat, poly unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids was positively associated with BMI [b= 0.12, P=0.03]. Adherence to different Ramadan nutrient patterns is associated with weight, BMI and physical activity level. People on high carbohydrate pattern may have a higher BMI and low micronutrient density diet that should be considered in Ramadan fasting nutrition educational programs
RESUMO
Although several studies have investigated the effects of Ramadan fasting on diabetic patients, the exact impacts on diabetes control have not been well elucidated yet. There are neither precise quantitative criteria nor clear guidelines regarding Ramadan fasting for diabetic patients. This review aimed to discuss the results of previous studies. The neglected points in performed studies should be considered in the design and interpretation of future research related to Ramadan fasting in diabetic patients. A thorough research was carried out on the internet, using the following keywords: "Ramadan", "Ramadan fasting", "Islamic fasting", "fasting in Ramadan", and "fasting", in combination with words such as "diabetes mellitus", "hyperglycemia", "hypoglycemia", and "diabetic ketoacidosis". Databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and some regional databases were searched in order to find related articles [cross-sectional, descriptiveanalytical, cohort, clinical trial, and review studies], published during 1957-2013. The obtained data showed that Ramadan fasting could be non-risky for partially controlled diabetic patients. However, the safety of Ramadan fasting for diabetic patients with different blood glucose levels and complications is not yet determined. Many deficiencies and limitations are observed in the related studies such as the heterogeneity of participants including differences in lifestyle and circadian rhythm changes. Therefore, well controlled studies need to be performed to evaluate factors affecting blood glucose level during Ramadan fasting
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess public knowledge about the effects of Ramadan fasting on various aspects of health and its association with fasting decision-making. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 subjects. The association between fasting and participants' knowledge and attitudes toward Ramadan fasting, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, depression, anxiety, stress, dietary intake, and prior history of diseases was evaluated. The results indicated an adverse correlation between negative attitudes towards the effects of Ramadan fasting and adherence to fasting [P<0.0001]. The prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders was higher in the non-fasting group [P=0.002]. No significant association was found between other investigated variables and fasting adherence. It seems that negative thinking about the effects of Ramadan fasting may be inversely associated with fasting decision-making. Therefore, evidence-based educational programs may improve public knowledge and encourage fasting among eligible people
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and other risk factors in patients with dental infections. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 patients who preferred in maxillofacial word of shariaty hospital with acute dental infections in 9 months. A self-administered questionnaire was administered during a dental appointment in order to gather demographic information and recorded past history of systemic disease, OPG radiography, gingival examination, and the result of lab tests such as CBC, FBS, PT, Bilirubin, Creat, T3, T4, TSH, HIVAb and HBSAg. 28% of the subjects and diabetes, 28% Anemia, 4% Hepatitis and 4% suffered from thyroid deficiency. 28% were smokers and 18% declared using alcohol. 6% of this population was addicted to narcotic substances. There was a significant correlation between age, education, diabetes and dental infections [P<0.05]. DMFT for people with dental infections without any systemic disease were 8, for diabetic patients, smokers and alcohol users were respectively 17.16, 17 and 14. Diabetes found highly prevalent in patients with dental infection and high DMFT.It indicates a need to establish a comprehensive oral health promotion program based on whole examination and blood glucose control in diabetic patients who have acute dental infection by collaboration between dental and general health care professionals. Moreover, it is recommended that all patients should be educated in dental and oral health for prevention of dental infections