Cardiac Outcome of Children With SARS-CoV-2 Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Objective: To study the cardiac outcomes of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after 6-month of diagnosis. Methods: This review of hospital records was conducted on MIS-C patients (aged <21 years) who completed a six-month follow-up. The baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics during the acute phase, and echocardiographic findings during follow-up were collected. Results: 116 patients (61.2% male, median age 7 years) with MIS-C were included in the study. At the time of admission, cardiac abnormalities were present in 70.7% of MIS-C patients, and the most common cardiac abnormalities were valve failure (50.9%), followed by ventricular dysfunction (39.7%), and pericardial effusion (23.3%). Six month after diagnosis, cardiac abnormalities were found in 10.3% of patients, and patients had lower rates of ventricular dysfunction (P<0.001), valve failure (P<0.001), pericardial effusion (P<0.001), and coronary involvement (P<0.001) as compared to the baseline. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and steroid treatment significantly reduced the odds of occurrence of ventricular dysfunction (P=0.002), valve failure (P=0.004), and low ejection fraction (P=0.002) in comparison to IVIG treatment alone. Conclusion: While most MIS-C patients had abnormal echocardiographic findings at admission, only 10.3% of patients had cardiac abnormalities during follow up.

survey of pediatrics resident knowledge of growth and development

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate pediatric residents' knowledge about the milestones of growth and development in children. Seventy-one pediatric residents from 3 main Children's Centers in Tehran were surveyed to evaluate their knowledge on growth and development of children. Included in the survey was based upon filling up a questionnaire containing questions about four different categories of development [motor, cognitive, speech and social interactions]. The scores that the residents got from the test were summed up and were compared together. 71 resident participants completed the questionnaire. The distribution of residents by year was 26 post graduate year 1 [PGY1], 26 PGY2, and 23 PGY3.The knowledge of 14 [19.7%] of the participants about child's development was ranked as "Less than expected", 47 [66.2%] as "Unacceptable", 10 [14.1%] as "Acceptable" and none [0%] as "Ideal", according to the total score they got from their correct answers to the questions. This study describes that most pediatric residents lack the acceptable knowledge on children's growth and development. It seems that their knowledge did not improve through their years of residency

Developmental coordination disorder in children

In this article, a motor skill disorder called developmental coordination disorder [DCD], that is usually first diagnosed during childhood, is explained and discussed. In the year 1987, DCD was formally recognized as a distinct disorder in children by the American Psychiatric Association [APA]. DCD is a generalized term for the children who have some degrees of impairment in the development of motor coordination and therefore have difficulties with physical skill which significantly interfere with their academic achievements and/or performing everyday activities. As they develop, other age-related tasks are also below average. Because these impairment and conditions are often associated with emotional distress, they can seriously interfere with the person's everyday life and social relationships. Reviews indicate that most of the training procedures have only a limited effect on the development of general coordination, and that they have no effect at all on academic progress. This includes approaches based on assumed underlying deficiencies such as sensory integration deficits and kinesthetic functioning deficits, as well as the more traditional perceptual - motor training. One new approach is Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance [CO-OP], based on problem- solving strategies and guided discovery of the child and task specific strategies. The aim of this article was to inform, promote and disseminate more information about some difficulties in applying the diagnostic criteria for DCD. Also, a brief review of the researches on the intervention methods is presented