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1.
Chinese Journal of Traumatology ; (6): 79-84, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-235777

RESUMO

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>The aim of this present study is to investigate the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse (ASA) and its relationship with other risky driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a cross sectional study which is performed at Shiraz city of Iran. Data from motorcycle drivers were collected using a standard questionnaire in eight major streets at different times of the day. The data includes consumption of alcohol and other substances two hours before driving and some of the risky behaviors during driving.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 414 drivers with a mean ± SD age of (27.0 ± 9.3) years participated in the study. Alcohol or substance consumptions two hours before driving was significantly associated with risky driving behaviors such as using mobile phone during driving, poor maneuvering, and driving over the speed limit (both p < 0.001). It was also associated with carelessness about safety such as driving with technical defects (p < 0.001) and not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.008).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Screening for alcohol and substance consumption among motorcycle drivers is an efficient way to identify drivers that are at a greater risk for road traffic accidents.</p>


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Acidentes de Trânsito , Mortalidade , Distribuição por Idade , Alcoolismo , Epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Intervalos de Confiança , Estudos Transversais , Países em Desenvolvimento , Irã (Geográfico) , Motocicletas , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Epidemiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , População Urbana
2.
BEAT-Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma. 2014; 2 (3): 103-109
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-174711

RESUMO

Objective: To explore the pros and cons of early versus delayed intervention when dealing with severe blunt liver injury with significant hemoperitoneum and hemodynamic instability


Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed at the Nemazi hospital, Shiraz, Southern Iran, level I trauma Center affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The study population comprised of all patients who were operated with the impression of blunt abdominal trauma and confirmed diagnosis of liver trauma during an 8-year period. All data were extracted from patients' hospital medical records during the study period. The patients' outcome was compared between those who underwent perihepatic packing or primary surgical repair


Results: Medical records of 76 patients with blunt abdominal liver trauma who underwent surgical intervention were evaluated. Perihepatic packing was performed more in patients who have been transferred to operation room due to unstable hemodynamics [p<0.001] as well as in patients with more than 1000 milliliters of hemoperitoneum based on pre-operative imaging studies [e.g. CT/US] [p=0.002]


Conclusion: We recommend that trauma surgeons should approach perihepatic packing earlier in patients who have been developed at least two of these three criteria; unstable hemodynamics, more than 1000 milliliters hemoperitoneum and more than 1600 milliliters of intra-operative estimated blood loss. We believe that considering these criteria will help trauma surgeons to diagnose and treat high risk patients in time so significant hemorrhage [e.g. caused by dilatational coagulopathy, hypothermia and acidosis, etc.] can ultimately be prevented and more lives can be saved

3.
Chinese Journal of Traumatology ; (6): 84-88, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-325736

RESUMO

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the time factor in road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Fars Province of Iran.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted in Fars Province, Iran from November 22, 2009 to November 21, 2011. Victims'information consisted of age, sex, death toll involving dri- vers or passengers of cars, motorcycles and pedestrians, and site of injury etc. Accidents were analyzed in relation to hour of the day, season of the year, lighting condition including sunrise, sunset, daytime and nighttime.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 3 642 deaths (78.3% were males, and the ratio of males to females was about 3.6:1) were studied regarding their autopsy records. There was a steady increase in fatal accidents occurring at midnight to 15:59. The risk of being involved in a fatal traffic accident was higher for those injured between 4:00 to 7:59 than at other times (OR equal to 2.13, 95% CI 1.85-2.44). The greatest number of fatal RTAs took place in summer. Mortalities due to RTA during spring and summer were more pronounced at 20:00 to 23:59 and midnight to 3:59, whereas mortalities in fall and winter were more pronounced from 12:00 to 15:59.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high mortality rate of RTA is a major public health problem in Fars Province. Our results indicate that the time is an important factor which contributes to road traffic deaths.</p>


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidentes de Trânsito , Mortalidade , Irã (Geográfico) , Epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
4.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology ; : 344-351, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-169075

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Metabolic syndrome is a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has features of metabolic syndromes. This study aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis. METHODS: In a population-based study in southern Iran, asymptomatic adult inhabitants aged more than 20 years were selected through cluster random sampling, and were screened for the presence of fatty liver and common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), with abdominal and cervical ultrasonography, respectively. Those with fatty liver were compared to the same number of individuals without fatty liver. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety individuals were found to have fatty change on abdominal ultrasonography, and were labeled NAFLD. Compared to normal individuals, NAFLD patients had significantly higher prevalence of increased CIMT (OR, 1.66; p<0.001). Those with hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), higher waist circumference (WC) and older ages had significantly higher prevalence of thick CIMT. Through adjusting the effects of different variables, we indicated that NAFLD could be an independent risk factor for thick common carotid intima-media (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.17-3.09; p=0.009). It was also shown that age could be another independent risk factor for thick CIMT. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with risk factors such as HTN, DM, and high WC are prone to develop atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. The presence of NAFLD should be considered as another probable independent factor contributing to the development of carotid atherosclerosis.


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abdome/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores Etários , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Complicações do Diabetes , Fígado Gorduroso/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Circunferência da Cintura
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