Prevalence of Giardiasis in Children Attending Semi-urban Daycare Centres in Guatemala and Comparison of 3 Giardia Detection Tests.

Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal parasite widely prevalent in children attending daycare centres worldwide and has been associated with undernutrition. Stool samples from 48 Guatemalan children (aged 1.5-7 years) attending participating daycare centres were analyzed over five weeks for presence of Giardia intestinalis using light microscopy, ELISA, and rapid dipstick test. Giardia prevalence rates were 43.7% at Week 0 and 44.7% at Week 4, based on ELISA. Intensity, but not prevalence, of infection showed a trend toward decreased weight-for-age (1-tailed p=0.08). We believe that ELISA analysis of stool samples may be further adapted for measuring the intensity of infection in humans.

Fruit and vegetable intake of schoolchildren in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala / Consumo de frutas y vegetales en escolares de Quetzaltenango, Guatemala

Objective. To determine if fruit and vegetable consumption among high– and low–socioeconomic status (HSES–LSES) urban schoolchildren in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, was adequate according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.Methods. Cross-sectional data from 449 third- and fourth-grade girls and boys from 12 elementary schools were collected, analyzed, and presented by socioeconomic status and gender. Public schoolchildren were classified as LSES (n = 219) and private schoolchildren were classified as HSES (n = 230). Dietary fruit/vegetable intake of each student was determined based on a 24-hour recall pictorial record and personal interview. All food items containing fruits or vegetables (including beverages) were classified and tabulated. Frequency of fruit/vegetableintake was calculated based on “mentions” (number of times a fruit or vegetable item was reportedly consumed), and nutritional adequacy was assessed for each group by mean and median values and compared to WHO daily recommended fruit/vegetable intake (400 g). Based on World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) exclusion guidelines, the fruit/vegetable contribution to total energy was estimated. Results. Of the 247 different food items identified, 93 (37.7%) contained a fruit or vegetable. Total food mentions (n = 6 512) included 637 fruit items and 701 vegetable items. Althoughmean fruit/vegetable intake in grams was 461.3 (standard deviation, ± 332.5), more than half (56.3%) of the subjects fell below the 400-g recommended daily level. Estimatedfruit/vegetable contribution to total energy was 21.2% for HSES and 19.1% for LSES. Conclusion. This study revealed inadequate fruit/vegetable intake among the study sample. For compliance with global recommendations, interventions promoting fruit/ vegetable intake are needed.

Objetivo. Determinar si el consumo de frutas y vegetales en escolares de ingresos altos y bajos de zonas urbanas de Quetzaltenango es el adecuado según las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Métodos. Estudio transversal en 449 niñas y niños de tercer y cuarto grados de 12 escuelas de educación elemental. Los datos se presentaron según el sexo y el nivel socioeconómico. Los niños de escuelas públicas (n = 219) se consideraron de nivel socioeconómicobajo (NSEB) y los de escuelas privadas (n = 230) como de nivel socioeconómicoalto (NSEA). El consumo de frutas y vegetales en la dieta de cada estudiantese determinó a partir de un recordatorio de 24 horas mediante registros pictóricos y entrevistas personales. Se tabularon todos los alimentos que contenían frutas o vegetales (incluidas las bebidas). La frecuencia del consumo de frutas y vegetales se calculó a partir de las veces que se mencionó el consumo de una fruta o un vegetal y se evaluó el grado de adecuación nutricional mediante la comparación de los valores medios y medianos de cada grupo con el consumo diario recomendado por la OMS (400 g). Se utilizaron las directivas de exclusión del Fondo Mundial para las Investigacionescontra el Cáncer (WCRF) para estimar la contribución de las frutas y vegetalesal aporte energético total. Resultados. De los 247 diferentes alimentos identificados, 93 (37,7%) contenían unafruta o un vegetal. Del los 6 512 registros, 637 contenían alguna fruta y 701 algún vegetal. Aunque el consumo medio de frutas y vegetales fue de 461,3 g (desviación estándar = ± 332,5 g), más de la mitad (56,3%) de los estudiantes tenían un consumo pordebajo de los 400 g diarios recomendados. Se estimó que las frutas y vegetales contribuían en 21,2% al aporte energético total en los niños de NSEA y en 19,1% en los de NSEB.Conclusiones. Estos resultados demuestran el inadecuado consumo de frutas y vegetales en la muestra estudiada...