RESUMO
Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in elite female athletes and the associated factors. @*Methods@#We surveyed elite female athletes in the National Training Center about their experiences of premenstrual syndrome. Premenstrual syndrome was diagnosed using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool. The MannWhitney test was applied to determine the association of premenstrual syndrome with differences in age, training time, and body mass index; and the chi-squared test was performed to investigate the association of premenstrual syndrome with differences in alcohol and coffee intake, diet for weight loss, stress fracture, and menstrual regularity. @*Results@#Of the 124 athletes, 18 (14.5%) met the criteria for the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome. These athletes complained of symptoms such as fatigue/lack of energy (18, 100%), anger/irritability (14, 77.8%), joint/muscle pain (10, 55.6%). There was no significant difference in menarche age, training time, or body mass index between the premenstrual syndrome and non-premenstrual syndrome groups. There was also no significant difference in alcohol or coffee intake, diet for weight, stress fracture, or menstrual regularity between the two groups. The athletes with premenstrual syndrome felt that premenstrual symptoms interfered with their performance, but few of them visited the doctor. @*Conclusion@#Premenstrual syndrome athletes felt that their performance was hampered because their symptoms were not adequately managed. However, none of the factors we investigated showed any association with premenstrual syndrome. Hence more research and proactive management of the premenstrual symptoms of female athletes is recommended.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the experience of the upper respiratory infection of the elite winter sports athletes and its effect on training and competition. METHODS: We conducted survey on elite athletes preparing for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. The general characteristics, training and competition loss due to upper respiratory infection were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find out the factors that influence on training loss due to upper respiratory infection. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant and data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 24.0. RESULTS: A total 65 players answered the questionnaire. Sixteen players (24.7%) reported that they got an upper respiratory infection more than three times a year. The month mainly affected by upper respiratory infection was September to November. Main symptom of upper respiratory infection was rhinorrhea mostly, followed by sore throat, cough, sputum. Six players (9.2%) answered that they were excluded from training more than three times due to upper respiratory infection for 1 year. Seven players (10.7%) answered that they were excluded from competition one time due to upper respiratory infection for 1 year. The factors that influence on training loss due to upper respiratory syndrome were the numbers of getting upper respiratory infection for 1 year and age. CONCLUSION: Elite winter athletes are vulnerable to upper respiratory and it has a bad effect on training and competition. So we need to take care of elite athletes' illness like upper respiratory infection.