Extrato hidroalcoolico da casca do pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) em ratos submetidos à aplicação de doxorrubicina / Hydro alcoholic extract of pequi peel (Caryocar brasiliense) in rats submitted to the application of doxorubicin

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antioxidante do extrato hidroalcoolico da casca do pequi (EHCP) em ratos após a administração de doxorrubicina (DOX). Foram utilizados ratos da raça Wistar, distribuídos em quatro grupos, sendo que os animais do G1 (n=6) receberam água e solução salina (grupo controle), G2 (n=7) EHCP e solução salina, G3 (n=7) água e DOX e G4 (n=6) EHCP e DOX. O EHCP foi administrado por gavagem durante 10 dias aos ratos dos grupos G2 e G4 e água aos dos G1 e G3. DOX na dose de 10mg kg-1 e solução salina 0,9% foram administradas por via intravenosa no dia sete após o início do experimento aos animais de G3 e G4 e aos de G1 e G2, respectivamente. Foram avaliados peso e taxa de mortalidade. Dez dias após o início do experimento, foi avaliada a concentração sérica de creatina quinase MB (CK-MB), troponina e mioglobina, e os ratos foram submetidos à eutanásia e à avaliação anatomopatológica. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos quanto ao peso dos animais (P<0,05). Com relação à taxa de mortalidade, houve aumento no grupo 2 (P<0,05). Os resultados do teste qualitativo para a detecção de CK-MB, troponina I e mioglobina nos quatro grupos foram negativos e não foram observadas alterações macroscópicas nos órgãos dos ratos dos diferentes grupos. Constatou-se necrose tubular aguda multifocal de intensidade moderada a acentuada nas regiões cortical e medular nos rins de todos os ratos avaliados. A DOX em dose única de 10mg kg-1 e via intravenosa não promove alterações cardíacas em ratos e o EHCP nas condições avaliadas aumenta o índice de mortalidade em ratos, o que pode estar relacionado a substâncias tóxicas presentes na casca desse fruto.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of pequi peel (HEPP) in rats after administration of doxorubicin (DOX). Were used 26 Wistar rats divided into four groups, which G1 (n=6) received water and saline solution (control group), G2 (n=7) HEPP and saline solution, G3 (n=7) water and DOX, and G4 (n=6) HEPP and DOX. The HEPP was administered by gavage for 10 days to G2 and G4 and water to G1 and G3. DOX and saline solution were administered intravenously on day seven after the start of the experiment, with the DOX (10mg kg-1) applied in G3 and G4, and saline solution 0.9% in G1 and G2. Were evaluated weight and mortality rate. Ten days after the start of the experiment were evaluated creatina kinase MB (CK-MB), troponin and myoglobin, and the rats were euthanized and evaluated morphologically. There was no difference between treatments in weight of animals (P>0.05). About the mortality rate an increase in group 2 was showed (P<0.05). The results of the qualitative test for the detection of CK-MB, troponin I and myoglobin in the four groups were negative and there were no macroscopic changes in different rat's organs of different groups. Multifocal and moderate to severe acute tubular necrosis in cortical and medullary regions of the kidneys was observed in all rats studied. DOX intravenous and in a one dose of 10mg kg-1 don't induce cardiac changes in rats and the HEPP in conditions here evaluated increase the rate of mortality of rats, which may be related to toxic substances in the peel of this fruit.

Morphological aspects of the liver of the Podocnemis expansa(Testudines, Podocnemididae)

The liver of P. expansa was characterized morphohistologically. To this end, twenty livers from clinicallyhealthy male and female Podocnemis expansa, weighing from 2.0 to 4,5 kg, supplied by the commercial breederFazenda Moenda da Serra, in Araguapaz, state of Goiás, Brazil, were analyzed macro - and microscopically.The coelomatic cavity was opened and the topography of the fresh organs was examined visually. After thehistological preparation, the slides were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Periodic Acid-Schiff(PAS), Gomori Trichrome, Reticulin and Picrosirius. The liver of P. expansa is a voluminous organ with anapproximately rectangular shape and brown coloration, varying from light to dark shades, and is divided into aright lobe, left lobe, and a central portion. The right lobe is the largest of the three portions. The gall bladderis located in a depression in the caudal portion of the right lobe, where the gall duct begins and emptiesinto the duodenum. Histologically, the hepatocytes are arranged in the form of double cords surroundedby winding sinusoidal capillaries. In cross section, they resemble acini containing approximately two to fivehepatocytes surrounding a probable central biliary canaliculus. The hepatocytes are polyhedral or pyramidalin shape, of uniform size, with a few central nuclei and others displaced peripherally, and the cytoplasm islittle eosinophilic when analyzed by the HE staining technique. The parenchyma is supported by delicatereticular fibers surrounding hepatocytes and sinusoids. The parenchyma and perisinusoidal spaces containlarge quantities of melanomacrophages, mainly close to the portal spaces.

Reparação de fraturas de casco em quelônios / Shell repair fractures in chelonians

Os quelônios, grupo de animais formado por jabutis, cágados e tartarugas, possuem um escudo constituído por um arcabouço ósseo recoberto por placas córneas. Dentre as alterações traumáticas ocorridas na clínica de quelônios a mais comum é o trauma de carapaça e plastrão. As placas córneas dos quelônios possuem a mesma função que a pele nos humanos, portanto, o casco fraturado deve ser tratado com os mesmos cuidados que uma pele lesionada. Ao se receber um animal com suspeita de fratura, primeiramente estabiliza-se o paciente antes de adotar qualquer conduta. O procedimento para o reparo de um escudo depende de fatores como idade, extensão da lesão e condição física do paciente. Vários materiais podem ser empregados no reparo do casco: fibra de vidro, resina de epóxi, resinas coloridas de poliéster, acrílicos dentais, fita de acetato de celulose associado ao adesivo tecidual cianoacrilato, cintas plásticas e fios de sutura associados a furos no casco ou parafusos.

The chelonians, animal group formed by tortoises, fresh-water turtles and turtles, possess consistent of a bone skeleton covered by corneous blotches. Between the alterations occurred in the chelonian clinic the most common is the trauma of the carapace and plastron. The chelonian shell possess the same function as the human skin, therefore the fractured carapace must be treated with the same cares as an injured skin. When receiving an animal with history of fracture, primarily it is necessary to stabilize the patient before adopting any other procedure. The repair procedure depends on factors such as age, lesion extension and the patient’s physical condition. Many materials can be used to repair the hoof: fiber glass, epoxy resin, polyester colored resin, dental acrylics, cellulose acetate tape associated to cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, plastic belt, suture strings associated to holes on the hoof or screws, bismuth subgallate ointment and iodized povidona-iodo.