RESUMO
Objective: To determine the effect of topical Dexamethasone on intra-ocular pressure when used after phacoemulsification and intra-ocular lens implantation
Study Design: A Cross Sectional Study
Place and Duration: At Eye [B] Unit Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 1st March 2009 to 1st March 2010
Methodology:The study was carried out on patients who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation by same surgeon. Goldmann applanation tonometer was used to measure the intra-ocular pressure on 1st post-operative day. Patients were started on topical Dexamethasone [0.1%] along with Tobramycin [0.3 %] eye drops for control of postoperative inflammation. Follow up was at 7th and 30th postoperative days and at each visit intra-ocular pressure [IOP] was measured
Results: Among 59 patients the mean age was 61.45 +/- 6.22 years with male to female ratio of 1.56: 1. Intra -ocular pressure measured on 1st post-operative day, ranged between 15.00 mmHg to 17.00 mmHg with a mean of 15.93 +/- 0.583. On 7th post operative day IOP ranged between 15.00 mmHg to 18.00 mmHg with mean of 15.89 +/- 0.824. On 30th post operative day in about 6 patients a clinically significant rise in IOP was noted. In about 6 patients IOP got increased above normal limit of 21 mmHg with a range between 15.00 mmHg to 24.00 mmHg with a mean of 17.08 +/- 2.68
Conclusion: Use of topical Dexamethasone after cataract surgery is associated with a risk of raised intra-ocular pressure [IOP]. We recommend further studies to compare other corticosteroids and NSAIDs to find out most safe drug
RESUMO
Background: Ocular trauma is a significant proportion of emergency presentations
Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the pattern of ocular trauma presented in the ophthalmic casualty room of the secondary care hospital in District Swabi
Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at the Eye Department of District Head Quarter Hospital, Swabi, over a period of two years; from 1[st] March, 2010 to 28[th] February, 2012. Five hundred and Six patients who presented with ocular trauma either through the outpatient or emergency department were included in the study. The patients demographic data, medical history, detailed examination and final diagnosis were recorded in a questionnaire. Statistical analysis were based on age, gender, presentation, ocular features and diagnosis
Results: Total of five hundred and six patients were included in the study. Male were 77.7% [n=393] and female were 22.3% [n=113]. One hundred and forty five [28.7%] patients were workers while 17.8% [n=90] were housewife. Most of the patients [56.5%, n= 286] reported within few hours of trauma. Home [29.1%] and workplace [26.3%] was common place of injury. Mechanical trauma was observed in 80% [n= 405] of patients. Accidental trauma caused by wood [11.8%], assault due to finger/ fist [26%] and sports related trauma caused by ball [40%] was common. Presenting visual acuity was hand movement in 32% [n=162] patients. Both globe and extra globe injuries [44.5%], extra globe injuries [23.7%], globe injuries [23.3%] and complex injuries [8.5%] were noted. In globe injuries, open globe injuries [OGI] were 42.4%, corneal perforation was most common in 36% patients. Close globe injury was present in 28% patients, punctuate keratitis observed in 29.5% patients. Eyelid was commonly injured [63%] in extra globe injuries. Full thickness laceration was found in 38.9% patients
Conclusion: Traumatic globe, adnexal and open globe injuries are the main ocular emergencies seen. Majority of ocular trauma is preventable. It can be assumed that health education, as well as application of safety measures and regulations, will significantly reduce the incidence of ocular injuries
RESUMO
Objectives: To determine the frequency and pattern of ocular conditions presented to the ophthalmic casualty room at a secondary care hospital in District Swabi
Study design: Descriptive Cross- sectional study
Place and duration of study: Eye Department of District Head Quarter Hospital, Swabi over a period of two years from 1[st] March 2010 to 28[th] February 2012
Methodology: Nine hundred and Sixty patients who presented either with acute ocular condition or ocular injury through the outpatient or emergency routes were included in the study. The patients demographic data, detailed history, examination and final diagnosis were recorded in a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was based on age, gender, presentation, ocular features and diagnosis
Results: In our study male were 57.8% [n=555] and female were 42.2% [n=405]. Five hundred and thirty Six[55.8%] patients were in traumatic group while four hundred and twenty four [44.2%] patients were in non-traumatic group. Infective conjunctivitis [62.2%], Stye [12.6%], corneal ulcer [10.10%], retinal vascular disease [1.2%], acute post operative endophthalmitis [1.1%], acute uveitis [2.6%] and acute glaucoma [1.0%] were the leading causes in the non-traumatic group. In traumatic group 94.2% patients were non-infected while 5.8% were infected. In non-infected patients, both globe and extra globe injuries [44.6%], extraglobe injuries [23.8%] and globe injuries[23%] were present. In globe injuries, open globe injuries [OGI] were 39.7%.Post traumatic endophthalmitis was reported in 54.8% of traumatic ocular infection. Mechanical injuries [70.7%] were leading the list of traumatic ocular emergency. Work place [31.5%] was the most common place for ocular trauma
Conclusion: Common non- traumatic ocular emergency were Infective conjunctivitis, infective keratitis, acute glaucoma and acute uveitis. Females mostly middle age housewives had non-traumatic ocular emergencies. Traumatic ocular emergency commonly reported were both globe and extra globe injuries and open globe injuries. Males mostly young workers had traumatic ocular emergency. Mechanical injuries mostly the result of occupational accidents in workers
RESUMO
To find out the causes of bilateral irreversible blindness in patients of different age groups in District Swabi. It is a prospective observational study of one hundred and eighty nine consecutive blind cases. The study was conducted from July 2010 to June, 2012 at the Ophthalmology Department of District Headquarter Hospital, Swabi. Informed consent was taken from the patient or guardian of the patient. Patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. A standard proforma was designed and entries were made regarding present, past and family history, thorough ocular examination of every patient was performed on slit-lamp with relevant biomicroscopic aids and posterior segment examination was conducted with direct as well as indirect ophthalmoscope. Biomicroscopy was performed as and when required. lntraocular pressure using schiotz tonometer, corneal diameters, retinoscopy and ocular mobility were noted and relevant investigations were performed when needed. Children and mentally retarded patients were examined using short general anaesthesia. Of 189 patients 61.4% were males and 38.6% were females. Congenital Causes were present in 49.7% and acquired causes in 50.3%. Diseases accounted for 88.9%, trauma in 10.1% and unknown causes in 1.1% cases. Congenital diseases included congenital glaucoma in 35.1%, retinitis pigmentosa in 29.7% and albinism in 19.1% cases. Acquired diseases included primary glaucoma in 33.8%, diabetic retinopathy 23 %, secondary glaucoma in 17.5% and childhood infection in 10.8% cases. Corneal findings included corneal opacity in 31.2%, corneal edema in 4.8% and absent cornea in 7.4%. Optic nerve findings included optic atrophy in 16.4%, glaucomatous optic atrophy in 16.9%, new vessels in 9.5%. Retina findings included retinal dystrophy in 14.3%, maculopathy in 5.3%, chorioretinopathy in 0.5%, vascular retinopathy and hypopigmentation in 9.5% each respectively. Irreversible blindness is more common in children and young adults and mostly males are affected. Glaucoma is the commonest cause followed by retinitis pigmentosa and albinism in this study