RESUMO
Toll-like receptors [TLRs] are innate immune receptors that mediate the inflammatory response during HCV infections. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of TLR9 gene polymorphism [rs5743836] in Pakistani patients infected with genotype 3a of HCV. Total 500 subjects were recruited, 400 HCV patients and 100 healthy individuals. Genotyping of TLR9 [-1237T/C, rs5743836] was carried out in 400 HCV patients [323 interferon responders and 77 interferon nonresponder] and control group by applying High resolution melting [HRM] curve assay. No remarkable differences in distribution of genotype between HCV [p<0.0001; OR= 3.21, 95% CI= [2.514.12] and control groups [p<0.0001; OR=0.092, 95%CI= [0.0580.14] were observed. In conclusion TLR9-1237T/C gene polymorphism may not be considered as a molecular risk for patients with HCV in Pakistan
RESUMO
Objective: To assess the proportion of non urgent patients presenting to the emergency department and to compare urgency evaluation between patients and doctors. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Emergency department Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Jhelum, from November 2015 to December 2015
Material and Methods: All the patients presenting to the emergency department after working hours between 4-6 pm were documented for 16 consecutive working days. They were assessed as to the urgency of their condition by the doctor. The patients or guardians in case of children were also required to rate the level of urgency of their medical condition. The level of urgency was graded on visual analog scale from 0-10. A 5 and above score was labeled as urgent while a score of less than 5 was considered non urgent
Results: A total of 205 patients reported in 32 hours over 16 days, to the emergency department. Of these 31 [15.12%] were assessed as emergencies by doctors while 49 [24%] were thought to be emergencies by patients. The p-value for this difference was 0.021. The largest group of patients visiting the emergency department was pediatric and they comprised the largest group of non urgent visits to the hospital as well
Conclusion: Actual emergencies comprise a small proportion of visits to emergency departments while the main bulk consists of non urgent visits
RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate with endoscopy the common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients presenting with hematemesis within 24 hours of admission
Design: A cross sectional observational study
Setting: Medical unit III, LUMHS Jamshoro
Duration: Six months from 1[st] Jul, 2014 - 31[st] Dec, 2014
Methods: One hundred cases of hematemesis were included in the study. Patients who refused endoscopy and those on NSAIDs, anticoagulants and steroids were excluded from study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed within 24 hours of admission
Results: Out of 100 patients selected, 51 [51%] were males and 49 [49%] females. Majority of patients were between 30-60 years with mean age of 43.97 years +/-SD 7.8. Variceal bleed was the most common cause n=54 [54%] followed by peptic ulcer disease [PUD] n=20 [20%]. Esophagitis was noted in ten [10%] patients, gastric erosions in nine [9%], tumors of upper gastrointestinal tract in six [6%] and Mallory-Weiss tear was responsible in only one [1%] cases
Conclusion: Variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension is the most frequent cause of bleeding in upper gastrointestinal tract. Increased prevalence of hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] in this part of the world has resulted in increased incidence of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension highlighting the importance of prevention of HBV and HCV
RESUMO
Objective: present study was designed to find out the frequency of hepatic hydrothorax among the patients with liver cirrhosis in a tertiary care hospital
Methods: this prospective observational study was carried out at the Hepatology Section of Department of Medicine, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, from December 2005 to May 2006. All the consecutive patients suffering from cirrhosis of liver were included and studied for the presence of hepatic hydrothorax. Results were summed up and test parameters were compared statistically
Results: the total number of patients was 128, and the mean age of these patients was 48.6 years. Frequency of hepatic hydrothorax in all patients with cirrhosis was 5.5% [7/128]. It was seen that highest frequency of hepatic hydrothorax was found in Hepatitis C cirrhotic patients [4/7]. The second most common occurrence was found in hepatitis B cirrhotic patients [2/7]. In other types [non "B", non "C"] it was 1/7
Conclusion: the frequency of hepatic hydrothorax at our center is similar as reported in the world literature
RESUMO
To know the presenting clinical features of intussusception in children up-to the age of twelve years. The study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, over a period of 18 months. A total of 71 patients with diagnosed intussusception were included. The relevant data, both pre-operative and postoperative, of children who were operated for intestinal obstruction and finally turned out to be suffering from intussusception, was fed into a pre-designed proforma and the information so obtained was analyzed according to objectives of the study. The common presenting features were colicky abdominal pain in 70 [98:59%] cases, vomiting in 67 [94.36%] cases, abdominal distension in 67 [94.36%] cases, constipation in 63 [88.73%] cases, bleeding per rectum in 61 [85.91%] cases, palpable mass per abdomen in 56 [78.87%] cases and fever in 18 [25.35%] cases. In 11 [15.49%] cases there was a mass palpable per digital rectal examination and 05 [07.04%] patients had diarrhoea on presentation. Colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, constipation, bleeding per rectum, palpable mass per abdomen are the commonest presenting clinical features of intussusception in children