RESUMO
To determine the frequency of Factor V Leiden in cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Healthy controls. This case control study was performed in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, From 21[st] March to 25[th] September 2013.One hundred patients with diagnostic evidence of Deep vein thrombosis on Doppler ultrasound/Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scan were included in the study through non probability convenient sampling and compared with 100 matched healthy controls. DMA was extracted from the blood sample by kit method. In order to identify Factor V Leiden mutation, the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method was utilized combined with the Amplification refractory mutation system. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences [SPSS] version 17. In 100 patients of Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT], frequency of Factor V Leiden [FVL] was 13% and it is was 2% in healthy control group. A significant association was found between FVL and DVT with odds ratio of 7.32 and with P value [P = 0.003]. FVL was found to be highly prevalent among patients of DVT, Signifying strong association between the two
RESUMO
To determine the frequency of colorectal carcinoma in patients above 40 years of age presenting with altered bowel habits by colonoscopy. Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Services Hospital, Lahore between August 2000 to August 2002. Patients and A group of 50 consecutive cases presenting with altered bowel habits meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. History and physical examination were recorded on a specifically designed proforma. Colonoscopy was done in these patients and any abnormality found was reported and biopsy specimen taken and sent for histopathology. A total number of 17 patients presenting with altered bowel habits were found to be suffering from colorectal carcinoma by colonoscopy. Among these in 30% the lesion was in the rectum, in 9% the lesion was in the sigmoid colon, 6% in the descending colon, 4% at the splenic flexure, 5% in the transverse colon, in 16% the lesion was found at the hepatic flexure and in 30% the lesion was in the ascending colon and cecum. Frequency of colorectal carcinoma is high in patients above 40 years of age who presenting with altered bowel habits. They should be investigated preferably by means of colonoscopy which is the most complete method of investigation and diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with a clinical suspicion of colorectal carcinoma