Rupture of gravid uterus a 3 years review

[1] To evaluate risk factors predisposing to this dreadful event.[2]The modification of treatment offered.[3]The maternal and perinatal outcome. Gynae unit I , Nishtar Hospital Multan. From January 1997 to January 2000. A total of 34 cases of uterine rupture were seen. Out of these 73.5% were complete ruptures, 26.4% were incomplete ruptures. Ruptures were most commonly seen in anterior lower uterine segment. Uterine rupture was most commonly seen in patients with scarred uterus, 32.3% had previous one or two lower uterine segment caesarean section, 5.8% has previous classical caesarean section and another 5.8% had previous dilatation and curettage. Injudicious of oxytocin, unskilled breech extraction and instrumental delivery, undiagnosed cephalopelvic disproportion, neglected transverse lie and hydrocephalic were the other causes seen. Highest number of ruptures were seen in 34-39 years of age group i.e 47.05% . Most of the rupture i.e. 79.4% were diagnosed during labour and 17.6% were diagnosed during postpartum period. Most of the patients with uterine rupture had labour pains for the last 9-16 hours. Regarding clinical features majority of patients had tachycardia, pain and tenderness, fetal heart rate abnormalities, shock, bleeding per vaginum and cessation of uterine contractions. Depending upon the condition, repair and tubal ligation was the surgical treatment most commonly given, others being subtotal hysterectomy [32.4%] total hysterectomy [17.6%] and repair without tubal ligation [18.8%] . Regarding complications, 32.5% had UTI 8.5% had wound infections, 3 patients had cardiac arrest, 2 were resuscitated and one expired. Among long term complications, vesicovaginal fistula was seen in one patient. Maternal mortality rate of 2.9% was seen and perinatal mortality rate of 79.4% seen. stillbirth rate was 70.5% and early neonatal deaths within a week of birth were seen in 8.8% of infants

Age of menarche in Pakistani girls and association of menarch to weight and height

This study was conducted to calculate the menarche in Pakistan girls and to assess the relation of menarche to weight and height in various schools of Multan city. This was a population based study. Majority of the girls had their menarche at 13 years of age followed by those who had menarche at 12 years of age. Average age at menarche in Pakistani girls was then calculated and found to be 12.72 years. Menarche occurred in all cases between 10 and 16 years. Menarche occurred earlier in taller and heavier girls. Out of 500 girls, 248 [49.6%] girls remembered the timing of appearance of secondary sexual characters, while 252 [50.4%] girls were not sure the timing of appearance of secondary sexual character. In all the cases they appeared within the preceding 2 years of menarche. It was concluded that approximate age of menarche in Pakistani girls was found to be 12.72 years and menarche was found to occur earlier in taller and heavier girls