Single flexible postprandial plasma glucose test as a new screening modality for diabetes mellitus

The study was aimed at assessing the adequacy of single flexible potprandial plasma glucose [FPPPG] test with time of sampling between 30-120 min after breakfast/meal as a screening test for diabetes mellitus and IGT. Cross sectional study. Study was carried out in the Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology at Armed Forces institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from January to November 1995. Eighty eight consecutive patients referred to AFIP for oral glucose tolerance test were included. The ages of patients ranged from 30-65 y. In the first step, on day 1 oral glucose tolerance test and in the second step, on day 2 flexible time based postprandial plasma glucose [FPPPG] 30-120 min after breakfast/snack/meal were performed. 12 patients did not turn up on day 2 for FPPPG test. In this study we performed FPPPG test on 76 patients as a screening test, with a cutoff point of 7.0 mmol/l. The study revealed that all 22 diabetic patients [100%] had levels above the limit whereas, 15 [83.3%] out of 19 patients of IGT had levels above cutoff level. On the other hand out of 35 healthy subjects only 2 [5.71%] had values above the limit. This study proposes a new screening test [FPPPG] for diabetes mellitus and IGT, which has a sensitivity of [100%], specificity of [66.7%] and positive predictive value of [55%]

Incidence of stroke in context of hypertension in local population

This study was carried out to study the incidence of stroke in the people who have high blood pressure. This study was conducted on patients of stroke during 2004 at department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health sciences [LUHMS] Jamshoro, Pakistan. Study population comprised of 100 hypertensive patients of stroke [64 men, 36 women] from different wards of LUMHS Jamshoro. Each patient was examined in detail, and investigated for blood pressure measurements, blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, electrocardiogram and, CT scan of brain. A hypo dense and hyper dense area on CT scan of brain was labelled as infarction and haemorrhage respectively. The stroke patients due to other risk factors or not confirmed by CT scan were excluded from study. Nearly three quarters of patients [74] who exhibits stroke were suffered from raised blood pressure. Out in two type's, i.e., hemorrhagic and infarctive stroke, the maximum number [36] of patients belongs to severe hypertension [p<0.05]. Site wise putamen and hypothalamus were the chief anatomical sites suffered in hemorrhagic stroke [p<0.8], while almost all [46] patients showed infarction at corona radiata and internal capsule. Virtually every one was [88] displayed complete stroke. Cerebral haemorrhage is more common in hypertensive stroke patients as compared to cerebral infarction and hypertension is most common modifiable risk factor for stroke

Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dyslipidemia consisting of elevated triglyceride, decreased HDL, and low-density lipoproteins LDL particles of altered composition is an important cardiovascular disease [CVD] risk factor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measure of Non-HDL cholesterol might be a useful marker of this risk. Presuming the value of non-HDL cholesterol we intend to determine whether non-HDL cholesterol, a measure of total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study population comprised of 60 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus [24 men, 36 women] from diabetic clinic Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. Each subject was interviewed, examined, and investigated for blood pressure measurements, body mass index, and fasting blood glucose. Blood sample was analyzed to determine serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol on auto analyzer after at least a 12-h overnight fast. The level of non-HDL cholesterol was elevated significantly [p<0.01] in hypertensive patients of type 2 diabetes in contrast to normotensive patients of same disease, while HDL cholesterol shows significant decrease [29.46 +/- 6.55] in hypertensive diabetics as compared to normotensive diabetics [34.43 +/- 9.44]. Non-HDL cholesterol was elevated in type 2 diabetics who suffering from hypertension

Smoking is related to albumin excretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Smoking is related to premature development of multiple complications of diabetes mellitus and it also increases the risk for albuminuria type 2 diabetes mellitus. So, present study was carried out to determine the association between smoking and albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross sectional analytical study conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during 2004 at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. Study population included 75 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus [50 men, 25 women] from diabetic clinic Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi 25 non diabetics [15 men. 10 women] from general population as control. Each subject was interviewed, examined, and investigated for blood pressure measurements, body mass index, fasting serum glucose, urinary volume, urinary albumin, urinary albumin excretion rate, and smoking years. Patients having clinical albuminuria and with other causes of proteinuria were excluded. Albumin excretion was highly significant [p<0.001] in smoker type 2 diabetics as compared to smoker non diabetics. Similarly, albuminura was increased [p<0.001] in smoker type 2 diabetics in comparison with non smoker type 2 diabetics. A significant correlation was found between years of smoking and albuminuria [r=0.448, p<0.05] in smoker type 2 diabetics. Albumin excretion correlates with smoking in type 2 diabetics

Serum uric acid levels in female patients of ischemic heart disease

To find out possible relationship between serum uric acid and incidence of ischemic heart disease. Comparative study of serum uric acid in 30 patients of IHD with 11 age and body mass index matched control subjects. Basic Medical Science Institute, JPMC, Karachi. Serum uric acid was found to be significantly high [P<0.001] in hypertensive with ischemic heart disease and in hypertensive. The mean values were also found to be high in normotensives with IHD but the difference was statistically non-significant. Serum uric acid levels is strongly related to incidence of ischemic heart disease