RESUMO
Obesity, attributable to the interaction of genetic makeup, lifestyle and environment Factors are a multifactorial disease. However, not all people with similar genetics or same environmental setup become obese. Currently, extensive research is being conducted regarding increases in the prevalence of obesity, apparent in many societies, studying their eating habits and physical activity. Although, people with obesity have the equal distribution of body fat, yet they do not suffer from the same medical ailments. The recent identification of obesity-risk FTO variants rs9939609 associated with body mass index [BMI] and risk of obesity in multiple populations has led to the major success in the field of obesity genetics, making FTO the first locus unequivocally associated with adiposity. The role of FTO gene as a risk factor of obesity has also been identified by the Genome wide association which is entirely a new approach. The function of FTO gene was unknown, but recent investigation showed that the FTO gene regulates ghrelin a key mediator of ingestive behavior, which might explain a predisposition to increased food intake leading to obesity. People with rs9939609 variant of the FTO gene are at increased risk of obesity they have higher circulating levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin, and feel hungry soon after eating a meal. This review focuses on the genetics of FTO gene and the association of each additionally minor allele of [FTO] rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism [SNPs] with the risk of obesity
RESUMO
Background: In recent years, the importance of vitamin D receptor [VDR] gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of disease and cancers has been investigated by a great number of studies. A non invasive method could be employed for extracting DNA. Oral rinse has been found to be one of the sources for collecting genomic DNA
Objective: To develop a rapid and non-invasive method for the detection of Vitamin D Receptor [VDRFok1] Gene from oral rinse
Methods: Oral rinse samples were collected normal individuals with informed consent. Individuals included were healthy adults between 20-40 years of age. Oral rinse [40ml] was taken after gentle brushing over the lesions. DNA extraction was done according to Lucky MH et al and PCR was performed using beta globin primers GH02/PC04 and VDR-Fok1 primers. A 256bp amplified products was visualized by Gel Doc Hero Lab software [Germany]. The PCR-RFLP results showed the 20 or 40% FF genotype [homozygote of common allele] with one band of 265bp
Results: The mean concentration of 60 DNA samples was 14.484 +/- 10.63ug/ml. The results of VDR-Fok1 gene polymorphism shows that out of 60 subjects 48 were normal [FF 80%], 12 were Heterozygous [Ff 20%] and 0 were mutated [ff 0%]
Conclusion: Oral rinse is a perfect medium for rapid and non invasive diagnostic applications of VDR gene may be optimized for other salivary biomarkers