Acute coronary syndrome; frequency of hypomagnesaemia in patients

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. Magnesium plays a fundamental role in many functions of the cell, including energy transfer, storage, and uses protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism; maintenance of normal cell membrane function; and the regulation of parathyroid hormone [PTH] secretion. To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome [ACS]. Cross -sectional study. Coronary Care Units and medical ward in Allied Hospital Faisalabad, from 26-01-2010 to 25-07-2010. The study was conducted in medical unit II and coronary care unit of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Sample Size: Sample size was calculated by using WHO sample size calculator taking confidence level 95%, population proportion 7.7% and required precision 4%. Sample size n = 171. Non-probability consecutive sampling. A total of 171 patients fulfilling the criteria of ACS admitted in M-ll and CCU were enrolled in the study, demographic details, history and clinical examination of the patients were recorded. Blood sample was collected in estimation of serum magnesium level. In this study the mean serum magnesium was 1.59 +/- 8.380 in males and 1.56 +/- 7.678 in females. Among the 171 acute coronary syndrome patients, 14 [8.2%] were diagnosed with hypomagnesaemia. There were 8 [8.8%] male and 6 [7.5%] female patients. 157 [91.8%] patients did not have hypomagnesaemia out of 83 [91.2%] were male and 74 [92.5%] were female patients. There was male predominance. Male to male ratio was 1.33:1. The results showed that frequency of hypomagnesaemia in acute coronary syndrome was significantly high and comparable to other studies. There was male preponderance. However, there was variation in the occurrence of hypomagnesaemia in acute coronary syndrome. Early assessment of serum magnesium concentration is needed in acute coronary syndrome in order to implement proper magnesium supplementation

Frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with ischemic stroke

To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with ischemic stroke. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1[st] April 2009 to 30[th] September 2009 at Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. 195 patients of ischemic stroke, with or without diabetes mellitus and hypertension were tested for early morning urine albumin to creatinine ratio. A urinary albumin to creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 micro g/mg was considered as microalbuminuria. Out of 195 patients, microalbuminuria was present in 94 [48.2%] patients. Out of 68 diabetic patients, microalbuminuria was present in 37 [54.4%] patients while out of 127 non- diabetics, 57 [44.9%] had microalbuminuria. Out of 113 hypertensive patients, microalbuminuria was present in 56 [49.6%] while out of 82 non hypertensives, 38 [46.3%] had microalbuminuria. Among 28 patients having both diabetes mellitus and hypertension, 16 [57.1%] had microalbuminuria. Out of 42 patients without both diabetes and hypertension, 17 [40.5%] had microalbuminuria. We found high frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with ischemic stroke. Therefore, microalbuminuria could be is a useful modifiable factor, in addition to conventional risk factors, in identifying those at increased risk of ischemic stroke

Frequency of demyelinating pattern on electrophysiological study in patients with diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy

To determine the frequency of demyelinating pattern on electrophysiological study in patients with diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. Cross sectional study. This study was performed at Department of Neurology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Medical Unit II, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from 01-Jan-2012 to 30-Sep-2012. In this study non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The calculated sample size was 100 cases. All patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and of both gender and age between 15-65 y were included in the study. Whereas Diabetic patients in whom history, clinical examination or medical record showing renal failure, hereditary neuropathies, thyroid disease, alcohol intake and toxic drug intake like anti tuberculous treatment, anti-cancer medicine etc were excluded from the study. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography were performed. Patients were labeled as having demyelinating, axonal or mixed pattern. The collected information was entered into SPSS version 15. Among the enrolled 100 patients, 56 [56%] patients were male and 44 [44%] patients were female. On electrophysiological examination, demyelinating pattern was found in 18[18%] patients, axonal pattern in 54[54%] patients and mixed pattern in 28[28%] patients. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 82 months + 56 S.D. The duration of diabetes ranged from 8-264 months. Our study indicates that there is high frequency of demyelinating neuropathy in patients of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy in our local population