Alteración de signos vitales dentro de las 72 h previas a la activación de código azul en pacientes adultos hospitalizados de un hospital universitario / Deterioration of vital signs as predictors of major medical emergencies in hospitalized patients

Background: Medical emergencies (ME) in hospitalized patients (cardiac and respiratory arrest, suffocation, asphyxia, seizures, unconsciousness) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Most of these patients have signs of physiological deterioration prior to the appearance of the emergency. Early detection of warning signs by rapid response teams (RRT) may provide an opportunity for the prevention of major adverse events. Aim: To identify clinical signs predicting death, need for mechanical ventilation, or transfer to a more complex unit during the 72 hours prior to the activation of the ME code. To evaluate the association of each trigger with specific major adverse events. Patients and Methods: Medical records of 184 hospitalized adult patients in whom the ME code was activated between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed. Results: Seventy five percent patients who experienced a ME had predictive signs of poor clinical outcome. Polypnea and airway involvement were associated to mechanical ventilation. Hypotension and hypoxemia were associated with mortality. Conclusions: In the absence of RRT, special attention should be given to patients with polypnea, airway involvement, hypotension and desaturation, since these are associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Cirugía bariátrica antes del embarazo y su impacto en el resultado perinatal; revisión de la literatura / Bariatric surgery before pregnancy and its impact on the perinatal outcome; literature review

La obesidad en mujeres embarazadas se asocia a mal resultado materno y perinatal. El tratamiento de la obesidad, especialmente obesidad mórbida, es complejo, muchas veces requiere del apoyo de técnicas quirúrgicas. La cirugía bariátrica es una solución eficiente para la obesidad al lograr pérdida de peso sostenida en el tiempo, lo que podría ayudar a disminuir las complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad durante el embarazo. En este trabajo presentamos realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica respecto a los efectos de la cirugía bariátrica en los resultados maternos y perinatales. La evidencia actual muestra que la cirugía bariátrica disminuye significativamente complicaciones como: diabetes pregestacional, diabetes gestacional, síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo, preeclampsia y macrosomía fetal, sin producir cambios en la mortalidad perinatal. Sin embargo, la cirugía bariátrica se asocia a mayor frecuencia de recién nacidos pequeños para edad gestacional, parto prematuro y complicaciones quirúrgicas no obstétricas de la cirugía bariátrica. No se ha demostrado un efecto benéfico de la cirugía bariátrica en reducir la tasa de malformaciones congénitas y la frecuencia de operación cesárea. Concluimos que la cirugía bariátrica es recomendable en mujeres en edad reproductiva que desean embarazo, pues reduce las complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad mórbida durante el embarazo, reconociendo que la calidad de la evidencia es baja al sustentarse principalmente en estudios retrospectivos o reportes de casos. (AU)

Obesity in pregnant women is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Treatment of obesity often need support of surgical procedures. Bariatric surgery is an efficient alternative to lose weight, wich could help reduce complications associated with obesity in pregnant women. In this work we present a review of the scientific literature about the effect of bariatric surgery in fetal and maternal outcomes. We found that there is enought evidence to support that bariatric surgery decreases gestational diabetes, hipertensive disorders, preeclampsia and macrosomia, without changes in perinatal mortality. Nevertheless, bariatric surgery is associated with elevated frecuency of new born small for gestational age, preterm birth and non-obstetric surgical complications of bariatric surgery. There is no evidence to support a decrease in incidence of congenital malformations and frecuency of cesarean delivery. We conclude that bariatric surgery is advisable for women who want to become pregnant, because it reduces the complications associated with obesity in pregnancy. We also recognize that the quality of evidence is poor because it is based on retrospectives studies or case reports. (AU)