RESUMO
Abstract Introduction Childhood trauma (CT) is known to be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia, but the specific impacts of different trauma subtypes on the prognosis of these patients remains unclear. Objective To assess the relationships between the occurrence of overall CT and its subtypes with factors with known prognostic impact on schizophrenia, such as age at onset of symptoms, global functioning, and cognitive impairment in a sample of Brazilian patients. Methods One hundred and five stable patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria were evaluated using the Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS; self-report global functioning), Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS; subjective cognitive impairment), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scales (CTQ; perceived overall CT, emotional neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse, and emotional and sexual abuse). Statistical analysis was performed with multivariate linear regression. Results After controlling for educational level and age, subjective cognitive impairment was directly correlated with overall perceived CT occurrence, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Self-report global functioning was inversely correlated with perceived overall CT occurrence, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Emotional abuse and physical abuse were also inversely correlated with age at onset of symptoms. Conclusions CT can be related to more severe prognoses in schizophrenia, impacting on early onset of symptoms, lower global functioning, and greater cognitive impairment. Subtypes of trauma can be associated with different prognostic risks.
RESUMO
Chikungunya é uma arbovirose caracterizada por febre alta, poliartralgia periférica, exantema, mialgia axial e intensa fadiga. Até 65% dos pacientes apresentam recuperação total dos sintomas em 4 semanas, contudo as dores articulares podem persistir por um período de 12 meses após a infecção em 4,1% dos pacientes e por até dois anos em 1,6% dos indivíduos acometidos. Um ano após a infecção 0,3% dos pacientes podem apresentar artrite inflamatória crônica. Os pacientes que permanecem com dores musculoesqueléticas e artrite pós-infecciosa são frequentemente tratados com drogas imunossupressoras. Por poderem apresentar quadro clínico semelhante e pelo fato de infecção ser comum nos pacientes portadores de doenças reumatológicas, o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma afecção que deve ser abordada como diagnóstico diferencial em regiões endêmicas para essa arbovirose. Sabendo-se do crescente número de casos de chikungunya no Brasil e da relação fortemente estabelecida entre aumento de morbimortalidade em lúpicos nos quadros infecciosos, faz- se necessária uma ampla discussão dos casos emergentes. (AU)
Chikungunya is an arbovirose characterized by high fever, severe peripheral polyarthralgia, exanthema, axial myalgia and intense fatigue. Up to 65% of patients present complete recovery of symptoms at 4 weeks, however, joint pain may persist for a period of 12 months after infection in 4.1% of patients and for up to 2 years in 1.6% of affected individuals. One year after infection, 0.3% of patients may present with chronic inflammatory arthritis. Patients who remain with musculoskeletal pain and post-infectious arthritis are often treated with Immunosuppressive drugs. Due to the presence of similar clinics and the fact that double infection is common in patients with rheumatologic diseases in some populations, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a condition that must be addressed during the stipulation of differential diagnosis in regions endemic to arboviruses. Given the increasing number of cases of chikungunya in developing countries and the strongly established relationship between increased morbidity and mortality in lupus in infectious diseases, a broad discussion of emerging cases is required. (AU)