Outbreak of primary pregnancy toxemia in fat tailed ewes due to ultrasonographic misdiagnosis of pregnancy

Four fat-tailed ewes from an indoor flock [n=40] were examined for recumbency and depressive nervous signs. They were from a seemingly nonpregnant group of the flock that had been diagnosed by transabdominal ultrasonography. The ration consisted of mainly wheat straw since their separation from the pregnant group. Detection of pregnancy on abdominal palpation along with depressive nervous signs and laboratory findings of hypoglycemia, ketonuria with severe fatty liver at necropsy followed by relevant histopathological findings confirmed an outbreak of primary pregnancy toxemia. While ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis is known as an accurate method, its accuracy could be strongly influenced by technical inexperience and improper implementation of the method. Indecent execution of the technique was considered the key predisposing factor for current outbreak

[Clinical and hematological findings in affected dairy cows with combined tricuspid and mural endocarditis]

Endocarditis of cattle can develop as valvular, mural or concurrent involvement of the valvular and mural endocardium. Given the importance of endocarditis among the diseases of the cardiovascular system in cattle, 568 dairy cows were studied through complete clinical examination, looking particularly for special signs of heart involvement. The cows suspected of having a heart problem were labeled following the identification. Additional measures including blood sampling, carcass examination, and lesion sampling for histopathology were carried out in the abattoir, and endocarditis was diagnosed in 2.81% of the cases. The mean age of the cows with endocarditis was 5.4 years. The body temperature was higher than 39[degree sign]C in 56.2% of the cases. Almost 70% of the cows had more than 84 heart beats per minute. Acardiac systolic murmur was found in 56.2% of the cows. Fewer than 5,500 white blood cells per microliter and neutrophilia with more than 40% neutrophils was diagnosed in 75% and 50% of the cases, respectively. Given these results, it was concluded that despite the absence of audible systolic murmur using a stethoscope, it is probable to see valvular endocarditis, particularly in industrial mid-aged dairy cows with a focal active infective involvement showing mild fever, persistent high or at least relatively high heart beat rate and intensity, marginal leucopenia, and relatively increased neutrophils and monocytes. Therefore it may be suitable to conduct echocardiography due to its very applicable findings

Abattoir study of the prevalence of renal lesions in slaughtered cattle

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and type of renal lesions in cattle that were slaughtered at the Ghaem [Shahriar] and Ziaran [Ghazvin] abattoirs. A total number of 405 clinically normal cattle were randomly selected and renal samples were taken for histopathological study. The cattle were divided into two groups according to sex, and female groups were divided into two age groups [heifer and cow]. Thirty-five [8.6%] out of the studied animals had renal lesions including interstitial nephritis, cysts, glomerolonephritis, acute tubular necrosis [ATN], pyelonephritis, amyloidosis, leukosis hydronephrosis and unilateral renal aplasia. Interstitial nephritis was the most common observed lesion [85.7%]. The prevalence of renal lesions in female and male cattle were 8.5% and 9.4%, respectively, which was not a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of renal lesions in cows and heifers were 10% and 2.8%, respectively [p<0.05]. It is concluded that age is more important influence factor on renal lesion than sex

Experimental study on the relationship between nutritional hypophosphatemia and hemoglobinuria in the lambs

This study was designed to induce nutritional hypophosphatemia to investigate the possibility of intervascular hemolysis in the control [7 lambs] and test [8 lambs] groups. Phosphorus of the ration jugular vein blood samples were weekly taken for inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, billirubin, hematocrit and Heinz body examination. The independent t-test and repeated measures [analysis of variance] methods applied for the statistical analyses. Significant hypophosphatemia [p<0.01] and increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity [p<0.001] observed in the test lambs. Hienz bodies in the red blood cells and highly significant decrease of the hematocrit [p<0/0005] appeared in both groups. Although, visible hemoglobinuria was not observed .The results cleares up potential sensitivity of sheep to nutritional hemolysis

study on the effects of different temperatures on protein changes in the salivary glands of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus annulatus

It was determined whether ambient temperature influences the proteins produced by salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum analolicum and Boophilus annulatus. Unfed adults of H. anatolicum anatolicum and partly fed female adult of B. annulatus were subjected to different temperatures [4, 15, 28 and 42 C] and proteins in soluble denatured salivary gland extracts [SGE] analysed by SDS-PAGE. The authors noticed changes during different temperatures but 29, 55, and 97 KDa protein bands remained unchanged at all temperatures of two species and in B. annulatus 29, 36, 55, 66, 84, 97 and 205 KDa proteins were constant

[ study on pathologic changes in sheep experimentally infected with Babesia ovis]

Macroscopic and microscopic lesions of experimentally induced ovine babesiosis with Babesia ovis.Experimental study.Twelve 1 to 2- year -old native breed sheep [Chall]. Babesiosis was induced by intravenous injection of Babesia ovis. These sheep were negative for babesial infection before the experiment. Six of them were splenectomized. Clinical symptoms were recorded and serological and hematological examinations were carried out. Four seriously affected sheep [three splenectomized and one intact] were necropsied and macroscopic lesions were recorded. The tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5micro, and stained with H and E, Giemsa Gener's and PAS for histopathology. Grossly, the liver was enlarged and dark brown in color and gallbladder was distended with watery bile. The kidneys were dark with cortical petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages and moist on cut surface. Numerous subepicardial petechial hemorrhages were present. The lymph nodes were edematous and hemorrhagic. Gross examination of the CNS revealed edema and congestion of the brain and meninges. The lungs were diffusely congested and edematous. The cut surface of these organs was moist and the tracheal and bronchial lumina contained a large amount of frothy, pinkish edema fluid. The blood was thin and watery. Some carcasses were icteric. Histopathologic examination revealed focal necrosis, lymphoplasmocytic pericholangitis and cholangiohepatitis and canalicular cholestasis in liver. Proliferative glomerulitis, congestion of glomerular capillaries and ischemic acute tubular necrosis was present. Lymphocytic epicarditis and endocarditis, lymphohistiocytic myocarditis together with zenkers necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers and hemorrhages were observed. Severe edema, mild lymphocytolysis and hemorrhagic lymphadenitis were present. Perineuronal and perivascular edema and status spongiosis were noticed in brain. Microscopically, acute alveolar edema and interstitial neutrophilic and macrophages infiltration were present. Congestion of skeletal muscles was also present.These findings indicate that the disease is more complex than a simple syndrome of intravascular hemolysis. The intense visceral congestion and pulmonary edema suggest that death may be partly due to circulatory shock associated with accumulation of toxins, release of vasoactive substances and anemic anoxia