RESUMO
Haploytpes are important elements in study of genetic associations. The haplotype based association test [HBAT] is a method to study genetic association of haplotypes with one or more traits. The test statistic in this method, which is calculated for all haplotypes, follows a standard normal distribution. In this study, in order to find the chromosomal area locus of genes affecting metabolic syndromes, the HBAT method was used to investigate the genetic association of haplotypes of some candidate microsatellites with HDL-C, triglycerides, and waist. A sum of 125 families with at least one member having metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII, and at least two members with low HDL-C levels were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. The genetic association of HDL-C, triglycerides, and waist with haplotypes of some microsatellites of chromosome 8, 11, 12, and 16 was studied, using HBAT. Data was obtained for 125 families, consisting of 563 individuals, aged 20 years or above [269 males and 294 females]. Genetic association of the haplotype 2-2-2-2 of chromosome 8 showed significant association with HDL-C and triglycerides. Haplotypes 2-2-1 and 2-2-2 of chromosome 12 showed significant association with triglycerides. In addition, haplotype 1-1-2 of this chromosome was found to be associated with waist [P<0.05]. Researching haplotypes provides more information on genetic associations, and identification of haplotypes influencing HDL-C level, triglycerides, and waist may be helpful in designing future research aimed at determining the genes predisposing persons to metabolic syndrome.
RESUMO
In May 2007, a suborder Shoka deer calf about one month of age was found in a preserved area of Arasbaran in the East Azerbaijan province. From an ecological view point, the Arasbaran area is uniquely labelled as a reserve biosphere. He calf had diarrhea that recovered after treatment. During rearing, The calf received pasteurized- homogenized milk from market as well as milk of a goat. After 3 weeks, the animal suddenly showed acute depression, anorexia and hypothermia. Antimicrobial and supportive therapy was ineffective and the calf died 12 hours after showing clinical signs. At necropsy, chemical rumenitis and hemorrhagic enteritis was observed. Pure Escherichia coli was isolated from liver, lungs, rumen and small intestine contents. Histopathologic examination revealed severe chemical rumenitis and necrohemorrhagic enteritis. Absence of mother, intake of milk from other species and stress of capture were predisposing factors. Entry and fermentation of milk in rumen provoked chemical rumenitis and stasis of digestive system could be responsible for septicemic Colibacillosis [colisepticemia] and death in this Shoka calf
RESUMO
The recently reported resistance to antimalarials contributes to making the control of malaria more difficult. There is a need to evaluate the current antimalaria regiments to prevent this emerging problem. The aim of this study was to determine dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene mutation [pvdhfr] regarding antifulate resistance in Plasmodium vivax. From 2007 to 2009, 117 P.vivax infected blood samples collected from two regions of Hormozgan Province, south of Iran were analyzed using PCR, semi-nested-PCR and RFLP methods. Eighty four isolates [71.8%] showed no mutation in pvdhfr gene of P. vivax known as wild type and 33 [28.2%] of the samples revealed nine single [7.7%], twenty two double [18.8%] and two [1.7%] triple mutations. Genetic diversity was observed by molecular methods in pvdhfr gene of p.vivax in Hormozgan Province suggests that the antifolate falciparum malaria drug [fansidar] is proportionally affecting P.vivax dhfr mutation. Therefore, more studies to evaluate antimalarial drugs that should preferably be effective against both P.vivax and P.falciparum are recommended