[Comparison of cardiovascular disease in women with OCP use and without OCP use in hospitals of Shiraz university of medical sciences]

Introduction: Prevention of pregnancy by synthetic steroids is a new event in present century. These pills are the most widely used among contraceptives component. The most serious complications of these pills are thrombosis that has the key roles in raising the risk of death from circulatory problems. But there are doubts whether these contraceptives pills with low dose estrogen can be a risk factor. Considering the few studies in this regard, the aim of this study is to compare cardiovascular disease in women with and without OCP use in selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Methods: This is a case control study with 742 samples that took place in 2006-2008. Cases were 317 women with cardiovascular disease and the controls were a group of 371 women without cardiovascular disease between ages of 20-60 years. Data collection tools consist of questionnaire, interview with patients and family, we also used records of patients. Data analyzed with SPSS Version 15.5 with use of odds ratio, logistic regression and other statistical test

Results: 49.1% of cases and 49.9% of controls were used OCP. Analysis showed no statistical relation between the use of OCP and cardiovascular disease [P=0.8, OR: 1.018, CI: 851-22]. But significant statistical relation was found between hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia with cardiovascular disease [P<0.0001]

Conclusion: The results of this study didn't show true association between lowdose OCPs and cardiovascular. However, due to the type of study and sample size the result isn't extendable to other communities, so recommended to repeat this study with another method and more sample size. Also, pills should be prescribed with considering to the cardiovascular risk factors

[Correlation of perceived social support and some of the demographic factors in patients with multiple sclerosis]

Multiple Sclerosis [MS] is a progressive disease and degenerative myelin in the central neurons that its complications provide physical problems and mental illness. However, it seems that social support controlled psychological stresses and improved quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of perceived social support and some of the demographic factors in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. In this descriptive-correlational study, 395 patients of the MS Society in Tehran were selected by continuous sampling. Data gathering instrument was "Social Support Questionnaire" of Nortouse [SSQ]. Cronbach's alpha for this instrument was 0.90. Data was analyzed by SPSS/16. The results showed that 156 patients [39.5%] had perceived social support at moderate levels. Between perceived social supports, age, educational level, employment status and monthly income were significantly correlated. However, between perceived social support and sex, marital status, family or relatives' risk, disease duration and history of hospitalization, significant correlation was not found. Regarding the perception of patients, nurses can by identify the high risk groups and prevent them from the isolation and with appropriate supportive interventions, improve their quality of life

[ effect of C-bar Splint on hand function in 8-12 years old spastic diplegic children]

Cerebral palsy [CP] is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by nonprogressive lesions. This disorder produces motor impairment deficits in early infancy. Hand function is essential in performing activities of daily living for everyone, including individuals with cerebral palsy. Adequate first web space is essential for web space expansion, thumb abduction, and a wide range of thumb mobility and hand function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of C-bar splint on hand function and strength and also wrist and thumb range of motion [ROM] of dominant hand of 8-12 years old children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. The design of this study was before- after and quasi-experimental. According with inclusion criteria, 8 to 12 years old children with spastic diplegia from physical - motor special school at Tehran [8 boys and 5 girls], were studied. They used a C-bar splint [40 degree of palmer abduction of thumb] for 8 weeks [6-8 hours during day and 4-6 hours at night]. In this study, hand function was evaluated by Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test, hand strength by MIE dynamometer and thumb and wrist ROM by Goniometer. During intervention, they received routine occupational therapy program. The results of this study showed significant improvement in hand function [P=0.001], and thumb range of motion [P=0.02]. The data did not show any significant improvement in wrist ROM and hand strength. According to the result of this study, it seems that using C-bar splint can be an effective method in improvement of hand function and thumb ROM in 8-12 years old children with spastic diplegia

[Impact of training on social adaptation in mothers of educable mentally- retarded children based on Roy adaptation theory]

Mentally retarded children impose an extra stress on their parents especially on mothers. Coping skills can be used by parents to relieve stress and to improve adaptation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of teaching on social adaptation in mothers of educable mentally-retarded children based on Roy adaptation theory. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 40 mothers of educable mentally retarded children referred to the exceptional school in Aran and Bidgol during 2010-11. Intervention was consisted of four two-hour sessions, supplemented by a 30-minute conversation between the interviewer and the candidate occurred within 2 weeks. Coping skills program was based on the dimensions of Roy theory. Questionnaire on adaptation was completed before and 6 weeks after the completion of intervention by the participants. The mean scores for social adaptation in mothers of mentally retarded children in physiological, self-concept, dependence/independence, role-playing dimensions and total social adaptation before and after the training showed a significant difference [P<0.001]. According to the results of the study, teaching based on the Roy theory has a positive effect on social adaptation in mothers of mentally retarded children

[Seroprevalence of celiac disease among inpatients with chronic psychiatric disorders]

The associations between celiac disease [CD] and chronic psychiatric disorders have been reported in several studies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, two hundred inpatient subjects with depression disorders and schizophrenia admitted to Razi hospital in Tabriz, Iran were studied. Five milliliters of blood were collected from each subject. IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody [anti-tTG] was examined by ELISA. The total serum IgA levels were determined by turbidimetry. Patients with positive anti-tTG and IgA deficiency were referred to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The mean age of 200 subjects [100 depressive and 100 schizophrenic males] was 37 +/- 10.06 years [range 18-68 years]. One [1%] schizophrenic and two [2%] depressive patients were positive for anti-tTG. IgA deficiency was determined in three [3%] schizophrenic and two [2%] depressive subjects. Chronic diarrhea was not seen in any of the patients. None of the anti-tTG positive and IgA deficient subjects allowed duodenal mucosa biopsy. Seroprevalence of CD in schizophrenic [1%] and depressive patients [2%] was slightly higher than general population. Therefore, regular screening for CD is suggested in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders

[Evaluation of TP[53] oncoprotein expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands and it's relation with grading]

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignancy in salivary glands. This tumor has a variable biologic potential, so it was first divided into two groups: one with malignant behavior and the other with benign behavior and good prognosis. The purpose of this study was evaluation of TP[53] oncoprotein and its relation to different grades of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This retrospective study included 22 paraffin embedded mucoepidermoid carcinoma samples stained by H and E. The samples were classified into low grade, intermediate grade and high grade. Then, new sections were made and stained by immunohistochemistry method [IHC method] for TP[53] marker. Finally, the relation between the two methods was statistically [ANOVA and Kendall test] analyzed. Seven sections of normal salivary gland tissue were also used as control group. All control cases were negative for TP[53] marker while 68.2% of mucoepidermoid carcinoma samples were positive. A significant relation was revealed between histological grade and nuclear TP[53] staining by IHC method. Parallel to increasing histologic grade of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, TP[53] expression is also increased so that immunohistochemistry technique is helpful for determination of the biologic behavior of salivary gland mucoepidermoid corcinoma and prognosis of patients

[Evaluation of steroid hormone receptors expression in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma]

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma [JNA] is uncommon benign tumor that occur exclusively in the lateral portion of nasopharynx of adolescent boys. Sex selectivity at JNA may suggest relation its pathogenesis to hormonal changes of pubertal period .Some reports showed indirect evidence for the presence of androgen [AR], estrogen [ER], and progesterone [PR] receptors, in these tumors. The goal of the current study was to show direct evidence of sex hormone receptor expression in angiofibroma with use of immunohistochemical technique and to document which cells population express these receptors. 30 cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and equal number of normal nasopharyngeal tissue were selected from archive of pathology department of mashhad Ghaem hospital then standard Immunohistochemical technique was performed in theirs paraffin blocks with ER, PR and AR immunohistochemical markers. Nuclear immunoreactivity was examined in stromal and endothelial cells of each case then these results analyzed with Pearson Chi-Square test. AR, and ER expression was seen in angiofibroma in 80% and 26.7% and in normal tissue 26.7% and 10% of cases respectively. We did not find any PR expression in both normal and tumoral tissue. Differences between AR expression in tumoral and normal tissue was meaningful but this correlation do not true about ER and PR. our results maybe agree with the significant role of androgen receptors in the pathogenesis of angiofibroma and benefit of antiandrongeic drugs for therapeutic response

[ value of endobronchial biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis]

Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous disorder of undetermined etiology with 90% of patients exhibiting some degree of pulmonary involvement. Transbronchial Lung biopsies [TBLB] with fiberoptic bronchoscopy which demonstrate granuloma formation have been established as standard method for histological confirmation of sarcoidosis. In this study endobronchial biopsy [EBB] was used to assess the frequency of positive EBB findings in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The study included 28 patients [Mean +/- SD age 41.8 +/- 11.64 and 55% female]. Transbronchial and endobronchial biopsy were done for all patients. Results of EBB were analyzed. EBB was positive in 53.5% of subjects and TBLB showed granuloma in 71.5% of cases. In 8 cases [28.5%] diagnosis was established only by EBB. Normal appearing endobronchial mucosa in 73.5% of cases was associated with positive EBB findings. Endobronchial involvement is common in sarcoidosis and EBB can safely increase the diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Mucormycosis of the lung, a rare cause for lung cavitations. case report

Cavitary lung lesion is caused by serious lung pathology. Among rare causes is mucormycosis that should not be overlooked. High index of suspicion is necessary to avoid missed diagnosis especially in diabetic and immunosuppressed patients. We present two cases with lung mucormycosis diagnosis. Case 1: A 58 year old male with history of diabetes, presented with hemoptysis. Chest X ray [CXR] showed cavitation. Bronchial lavage revealed mucor hypha that was proved again with lobectomy. Case 2: A 39 year old female with history of chronic renal failure and lung cavitary lesion due to previous necrotizing pneumonia. She suffered from cough, dyspnea and hemoptysis. Comparison of old and new CT scan showed increasing of cavity thickness. Lobectomy was performed and mucor was proved in histopathology. We present two cases of pulmonary mucormycosis who referred with hemoptysis and other respiratory tract symptoms and lung cavitations. Surgical resection and amphotericin was very successful in their management. We recommend investigation of fungus in BAL fluid or tissue material of patients with cavitary lesion

Study on the association between squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and HPV by PCR

Abroad epidemiologic studies have suggested human papillomavirus [HPV] to be an etiological agent in Squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] of larynx. In this study we investigated the frequency of HPV 16 infection in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic laryngeal tissue. The study was done on 55 cases of laryngeal SCC, 10 cases of dysplastic and 5 cases of normal tissues were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] for the presence of HPV 16. none of the five normal and ten dysplastic laryngeal tissues showed the presence of HPV. Seven of fifty-five Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx [12.7%] were positive for HPV type 16. The results suggested that HPV DNA has a major role in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx

Telecytology in the diagnosis of pleural effusion smears

Telecytologic diagnosis of pleural effusion smears is potentially useful because it could allow more efficient use of cytopathologist resources and expertise. The purpose of our investigation was to evaluate how well this type of review correlates with a review which the entire silde is available for examination by the. pathologist. 35 pleural effusion smears with different diagnosis were selected retrospectively. they includ 16 benign, 5 suspiicious for malignancy and 14 malignant which were confirmed with two expert cytopathologists. for each slide number 3 to 11 fields containing abnormal cells were digitaly imaged. Pathologists reviewed all glass slides and digitized images individually. Diagnoses based on selected digitized images were compared with those based on conventional review. The kappa static, a measure of chance-corrected agreement [reroducibility], was calculated in each setting. The interobserver kappa value for the 3 observe for the slides was 76%. The interobserver kappa value for the digital images was 67%. The disagreement between a pathologist's glass slide and digital dignose [mean intraobserver kappa value = 73%] is greate than that or different pathologists reviewing glass slides [mean slide interobserverr kappa value= 76%]. Overall, intraobserver and intreobserrver reproducibility of pleural effusion slides [consists of direct smear after centrifugation and cytospin preparation] diagnoses is good to excellent

[HER2/neu experssion in colon adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological variables]

Colon cancer is a prevalent human malignancy. HER2/neu is an important oncogene in breast cancer, but its prevalence and significance in colon cancer have been poorly documented. The aim of this study is to determine the rate and pattern of HER2/neu expression in colon carcinoma by immunohistochemistry [IHC]. Sixty-nine archival, paraffin wax embedded colon carcinoma specimens were chosen. IHC for HER2/neu was performed. Clinicopathologic data and IHC results were analysed. Most of the carcinoma cases were well differentiated and located in the left side. There was positive HER2/neu staining in a high percent of cases [41 Cases, 59.4 %] with both cytoplasmic [27 cases, 65.9%] and membranous-cytoplasmic [14 cases, 34.1%] staining. There was positive HER2 staining in 66.7% of stage B, in 58.6% of stage C and 28.6% of stage D cases. In higher stages, the rate of positive staining was decreased but there was higher rate of strong membranous staining. There was positive HER2 staining in 28 [66.7%] of well differentiated and in five [35.7%] of moderately differentiated cases. In addition, in higher grades, the rate of HER2/neu staining was decreased [p=0.04] and there was more membranous staining. There was no correlation between HER2/neu expression and age, sex, site and type of tumor. The rate of HER2/neu expression in colon carcinoma is high. Because of more prominent membranous staining in higher stages and grades, Herceptin therapy could be helpful in patients with lymph node or distant metastases

Immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein in histologically favorable Wilms tumor and its relationship to tumor stage at presentation

Wilms tumor, as the most common renal tumor of children, has been associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Although a correlation between anaplasia and mutations of P53 tumor suppresser gene has been found in Wilms tumor, significance of these mutations in different clinical stages of favorable- Wilms tumor, remains largely unresolved. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of P53 expression in histologically favorable Wilms tumors and its correlation to tumor-stage at presentation. In this retrospective study, 48 cases of confirmed Wilms tumor with favorable-histology were retrieved from the files of departments of pathology in three hospitals in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences between 1990 and 2004. Histological characteristics and clinicopathological staging were in accordance with National Wilms Tumor Study guidelines. P53 expression was determined by the immunohistochemical method. For each section, the proportion of neoplastic cells exhibiting nuclear positivity was broadly quantified and their intensity of staining was charted, based on visual impression by two pathologists. A total of 48 cases of histologically favorable Wilms tumor were assessed. Eleven cases [23%] showed positivity for P53 which were 3 [27.3%] with stage II, 3 [27.3%] with stage IV, 2 [18.2%] with stage I, 2 [18.2%] with stage III and 1 case [9.1%] with stage V. The P53 immunopositivity was seen in 1-25% of tumor cells in 9 cases [18.8%], in 26 to 50% of tumor cells in 1 case [2.1%] and in >75% of tumor cells in the other one case [2.1%]. The intensity of staining was moderate in 6 cases [12.5%], weak in 4 [6.3%] and strong only in one case 4.2%]. The most common component with P53 immunoreactivity was blastemal in 11 cases [100%]. In 4 cases [36.4%] there was also positivity in epithelial and in 2 cases [18.2%] in mesenchymal components. We found no correlation of P53 immunoreactivity and its intensity to tumor stage at presentation in individuals with histologyically favorable Wilms tumors [p=0.66, p=0.52 respectively]

[Evaluation of bcl-2 and Bax in Invasive-DuctaI breast carcinoma and its correlation with steroidal receptors and cellular proliferative markers using Immunohistochernistry]

Background: breast carcinoma has been regarded as the most common malignant tumors and the leading cause of death due to cancer in women. Apoptosis plays a central role in both normal cell cycle and tumor biology; it is controlled by family of related proteins including Bax and bcl-2. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of Bax and bcl-2 proteins in 46 cases of Invasive-Ductal carcinoma of breast and their correlation to the expression of ki-67, estrogen and progesterone receptors immunohistochemically

Materials and methods: formalin fixed paraffin embedded-tissue from 46 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were analyzed by immunohistochimistry [IHC] method. We performed a statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological parameters and Bax, bcl-2, KI-67, ER. PR expressions

Results: forty-six cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast with mean age 45 were studied. According to Bloom-Richardson score system of 46 cases. 8.7% were grade 1 1.80% were grade 2 and 11% were grade 3. Eighty-seven percent of cases had 4 or more lymph node metastasis. According to IHC results, 43% were bcl 2 positive, 28% were ER positive, 39% were PR positive , and 95% were Bax positive ,mean KI-67 index was 40% . There was significant correlation between bcl-2 expression and ER, PR and size of tumor. There wasn't any correlation between Bax and PR and ER status .there was statistically correlation between KI-67 index and ER and PR status, grade and metastasis to lymph nodes .There was statically correlation between ER and PR status and size of tumor, grade and metastasis to lymph nodes

Conclusion: Bcl-2, as an anti-apoptotic factor, plays an important role in biology of breast cancer. It may be a mediator in the action of ER and PR or it may have independent role. KI-67 as a proliferative maker. doesn't have any correlation with apoptotic factors, but have prognostic valve through its relation to ER, PR. grade and LN status. Because of high rate of Bax positively, we guess IHC isn't a good way for evaluation of Bax and it is better to use molecular methods

[Level of coping with stressors in parents of epileptic children]

Epilepsy as the most important chronic neurological disease affects on child and his/her family therefore it can lead to occur some stresses in family particularly in parents. This study has been done to determine ideas of parents with epileptic children about stressors and their coping with this agent in those who come to the optional therapeutic centers in Tehran. This is a descriptive-analytical research which 400 parents with epileptic children were selected based on aim. The method of collecting data was by questionnaire for literate persons and by interview for illiterates whose research tool was questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in three parts [demographic information's, stressors questions, and coping questions for parents with epileptic children. The data was collected in one stage and analyzed with SPSS software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods [t-test, analyze variance] have been used. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant differences in stress between parents [p=0.001]. The most percentage [86%] of fathers in comparison mothers [81.9%] have moderate level of stress and least percentage [5.4%] fathers and [4.4%] of mothers have low level of stress. The level of stress in parents showed significant correlation with personal variables. Most percentage [69%] of fathers and mothers [66.1%] have low-moderate level of coping and it has significant correlation with some personal variables. The analyze variance test showed that there was significant and converse relationship between stress and coping in parents with epileptic children and increasing stress lead to decrease coping. The results of this study have been shown that the stress in father of epileptic children is more that mothers; however there is no significant differences in the level of coping

Preservation of facial nerve in surgery of first branchial cleft anomaly: five cases of duplicated external ear canal

We report five cases of duplicated external ear canal with especial attention to its histology and surgical care of facial nerve for their complete resection. These five patients were selected from 50 cases of first bronchial cleft anomalies including atretic external ear canals, preauricular fistula, cyst and sinuses. The characteristic histopathology and clinical features such as external opening around the auricle and upper neck above the level of the hyoid bone were not observed in other patients. There were no other abnormalities in the real external ear canal [EEC] and auricle. Three of them were connected to the natural EEC with an opening, hence producing ear discharges. Histologic appearances of well formed canal included a circumferential epithelial lined up and canal consisting of stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexes. A remarkable cartilaginous skeleton [type 2 of first branchial cleft anomaly according to Work's classifications] was also observed. All of them were treated surgically, with preservation of the facial nerve and excising the superficial parotid gland along with the ductal opening and the tract

[Diagazostic value of AgNOR staining in neoplastic and non neophstic lesioizs of thyroid]

The aim of this study was to determine the value of the argyrophilic nucleoli organizer region [AgNOR] as a proliferative marker in neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the thyroid i-r Methods: AgNOR count was evaluated in paraffin. Embedded tissue of resection specimens of the thyroid from 100 patients was retrieved from files of the Pathology Department of the Ghaem Hospital Medical Center including: Normal thyroid gland [N = 8] Nodular Goiter [N=19] Follicular Adenoma [N = 34] Follicular carcinoma [N=10] Medullary carcinoma [N = 4] Papillary carcinoma [N = 15] Anaplastic carcinoma [N = 4] Thyroiditis [N = 6] The investigated parameters included the number, size, shape and localization of AgNOR dots in nucleoli of hundred cells and percentage of nucleoli with at least 3 and 5 or more AgNOR dots per cell [distribution score]. The mean AgNOR dots and 3- dot per cell were statistically significantly higher in malignant lesions in comparison to benign lesions. No clear separation statically between groups about parameter 5 or more dots per cells. Total discrimination between follicular adenoma and carcinoma was achieved by quantification of AgNOR dot tumor nucleolus cell [AgNOR distribution score]. The AgNOR and AgNOR distribution score proved to be the most valuable diagnostic criterion for the differentiation between follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid

Recurrence of lacrimal gland pleomorphic Adenoma [Two case report with review of literature]

In cases with lacrimal gland mixed tumor preoperative delicate clinical and radiological diagnosis lead to proper surgical approach. Incomplete resection of lacrimal gland mixed tumor may be complicated by severe tumor recurrence with the risk of malignant transformation. In this case report, we present 39 years old man with history of transcranial excision of lacrimal gland tumor. Six months before admission progressive proptosis and infer medial displacement of right globe [approximately 3 cm] has been developed. Soft tissue hypertrophy of eyelids and corneal leukoma developed due to the chronic progressive course of proptosis with chronic corneal exposure. The other case also was a 38-year-old man with significant proptosis and history of two time lacrimal gland tumor excision, one from trans cranial approach. The surgical procedure was performed in both cases through anterolateral orbitotomy without bone removal and the whole lesions were removed with pseudo capsule. The vision of the first patient improved from hand motion preoperatively to one meter finger count after surgery, and there was no recurrence in both cases 6 months postoperatively. In general, regarding risk of malignant degeneration and recurrence after incomplete excision or incisional biopsy of lacrimal gland mixed tumor, it is strongly recommended to perform complete excision with psudocapsule in the first surgery

Involvement of carina in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer in both male and female. Preoperative detection of lung cancer metastasis to the main carina can alter the operative approach, eliminate further staging procedures and save the patients from thoracotomy. The aim of this study was to define the carinal involvement in patients with lung cancer. ln this descriptive study, between 1381-82, were bronchoscopically evaluated 51 consecutive lung cancer patients who were referrid to Ghaembronchoscopy center. In addition to biopsies from main lesion, three to five blind biopsy specimen were obtained from the main carina during fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Our analysis of data were done by x [2], fischer, t student and with 95% coefficient. crarial involvement was histologically diagnosed in 8 patients [15.7%] who underwent main carinal biopsy. In five patients [9.8%] with carinal involvement normal appearing carina were seen. We found no significant difference between the carinal involvement with the type and location of primary tumor. It was concluded that carinal biopsy should be done routinely in all clinical and radiologically operable patients with suspect lung cancer. It can save the patients with lung cancer from inappropriate or unnecessary thoracotomy and further staging procedures

comparison study of AgNORs staining in human oral normal mucosa verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

The value of Silver Staining of nucleolar organizer regions [AgNOR] counts as a diagnostic aid has been reported for several neoplastic entities. The aim of this study to determine the evaluation of the expression of AgNOR as a marker of proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma grade I, verrucous carcinoma and oral normal mucosa. Silver-Stain nucleolar organizer regions AgNORs were counted in sections from formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of 20 cases of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 20 cases of verrucous carcinoma and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa. Two methods of AgNORs counting were used. The mean number of AgNOR nucleus [M AgNORs] and determination cells containing 3 or more AgNORs/ nucleus [P AgNOR] as indicator of the proliferative activity of the cells. Statistical differences were found between normal oral mucosa, verrucous carcinoma WD squamous cell in AgNOR related parameters. AgNOR would be a quantitative, discriminative aid, easy to monitor in a pathology laboratory in detection incipient cellular alterations and contribute to the issue of early diagnosis and to the knowledge of tumoral growth