Routine blood test, C-reactive protein and blood culture for predicting necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To explore the value of blood routine indexes, C-reactive protein(CRP), and blood culture in predicting the occurrence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) secondary to late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants.Methods:This study retrospectively enrolled 80 premature infants with LOS admitted to the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2020. Based on whether complicated by NEC or not, all the subjects were assigned into the NEC group ( n=11) and non-NEC group ( n=69). Laboratory data for perinatal conditions, complete blood cell count, CRP, and blood culture in the early stage of LOS were recorded, and the decreased value of the hemoglobin concentration before and at early stage of LOS was calculated. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the differences in perinatal conditions, blood routine, CRP and blood culture results between different groups. Binomial stepwise logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the risk factors and their predictive value for NEC secondary to LOS, respectively. Results:(1) There was no significant difference in gestational age, birth weight or other perinatal factors between the NEC group and non-NEC group (all P>0.05). (2) Mean platelet volume (MPV), CRP, and the hemoglobin decreased value in NEC group were greater than those in non-NEC group [11.7 fl (10.9-12.6 fl) vs 10.7 fl (10.3-11.6 fl), Z=－2.773; 33.3 mg/L (21.3-92.9 mg/L) vs 13.5 mg/L (4.7-27.3 mg/L), Z=－2.662; 25.0 g/L (18.0 -36.0 g/L) vs 13.0 g/L (1.0-19.0 g/L), Z=－3.803; all P<0.01]. (3) Binomial stepwise logistic regression analysis suggested that higher MPV at early stage of LOS ( OR=3.213, 95% CI: 1.104-9.354, P=0.032) and the decreased hemoglobin ( OR=1.153, 95% CI: 1.057-1.257, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for NEC secondary to LOS in preterm infants. (4) The cut-off values of MPV combined with the decreased value of hemoglobin for predicting NEC in premature infants with LOS were 11.2 fl and 14.0 g/L, respectively, with a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.71. Conclusions:MPV combined with the decreased value of hemoglobin may help to predict NEC in the early stage of LOS for preterm infants.

Newborn screening and genetic analysis of methylmalonic acidemia in Shaanxi province / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the incidence, biochemical and molecular characteristics, and gene mutation spectrum of neonatal methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) in Shaanxi province.Methods:This study involved 146 152 newborns undergoing neonatal screening for methylmalonic acidemia by tandem mass spectrometry in Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from January 2014 and December 2019. Clinical manifestations and follow-up data of newborns diagnosed with MMA and their acylcarnitine profiles and gene mutations were analyzed. According to whether they had elevated homocysteine or not, these patients were divided into two groups, the complicated group and the isolated MMA group. The control neonates were those excluded from having methylmalonic acid by re-examination. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test was conducted for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Twenty-one cases of MMA were confirmed with an incidence of 1/6 960, including 11 cases (52.4%) of isolated MMA (isolated MMA group) and 10 (47.6%) complicated by elevated homocysteine (complicated group). Eight patients in the isolated group had symptoms within one month after birth, mainly feeding difficulties, vomiting, drowsiness, poor response and infection, and five died. Patients in the complicated group were all diagnosed before developing typical clinical symptoms, and no developmental abnormalities were reported during follow-up. (2) Blood propionyl carnitine and its ratios to acetylcarnitine and free carnitine in the isolated MMA and complicated groups were higher than those in the control group [ M (min-max), 9.26 (3.70-37.78) μmol/L and 7.27 μmol/L (3.58-13.62 μmol/L) vs 4.51 μmol/L (1.48-8.69 μmol/L), H=23.239; 1.12 (0.32-2.43) and 0.74 (0.36-1.90) vs 0.25 (0.09-0.45), H=47.061; 0.94 (0.12-1.92) and 0.56 (0.18-1.03) vs 0.17 (0.06-0.38), H=36.868; all P<0.001]. The blood methionine level in the complicated group was significantly lower than that in the isolated MMA group [7.64 μmol/L (3.40-19.25 μmol/L) vs 24.22 μmol/L (10.73-56.55 μmol/L), U=3.000, P<0.001]. (3) All 21 patients carried complex heterozygous mutations or homozygous mutations in pathogenic genes, including 15 distinct MMUT mutations and 13 distinct MMACHC mutations. In the isolated MMA group, the most common mutation was c.323G>A (p.Arg108His) in the MMUT gene with a positive rate of 13.6%, and an unreported mutation, c.1676+11A>G, with unidentified clinical significance, was also found. The most common mutations in the complicated group were c.609G>A (p.Trp203Ter) and c.567dupT (p.Ile190fs) in the MMACHC gene, and the positive rates were both 20.0%. Moreover, two unreported variants, c.430-2A>C and c.648_650delAGA (p.216_217delSEinsS), were detected and suspected to be pathogenic. Conclusions:MMA is not uncommon in Shaanxi province. Children with isolated MMA tend to be more severe clinically. The identification of hotspot mutations, including c.609G>A (p.Trp203Ter) and c.567dupT (p.Ile190fs) in MMACHC gene and c.323G>A (p.Arg108His) in MMUT gene, provides a foundation for further genetic screening, counseling, and prenatal diagnosis, and is conducive to reduce the mortality and disability rate of neonatal MMA.

Prevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and 2 among Blood Donors in Jiangsu from 2016 to 2019 / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type-I/II infection among voluntary blood donors in Jiangsu (Nanjing, Suzhou, Xuzhou).@*METHODS@#From 2016 to 2019, 408 262 samples of voluntary blood donors from four blood stations in Jiangsu Province (Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Suzhou Central Blood Station, and Xuzhou Central Blood Station) were screened for HTLV-I/II antibody by ELISA. The positive samples were sent to National Center for Clinical Laboratories for confirmation by RT-PCR and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of HTLV-I/II screened by ELISA was 0.20‰ (82/408 262), and three HTLV-I positive samples were confirmed. The prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 0.74 per 100 000 (3/408 262). All three donors were female repeated blood donors of childbearing ages.@*CONCLUSION@#Jiangsu is a low prevalence area of HTLV, and a reasonable blood screening strategy for HTLV can further reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted virus infection.

Analysis on serotypes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018.@*Methods@#Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0 were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#A total of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and patients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium (16.67%) and Salmonella Stanley (8.33%), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41.79%), Salmonella Enteritidis (16.42%) and Salmonella London (8.96%). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27.78%-33.33% among the isolates from food, and 22.22%-25.00% to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin (55.97%), followed by that to tetracycline (49.25%), ampicillin/sulbatan (44.03%), nalidixic acid (41.04%) and cefazolin (37.31%), and 20.90%-30.60% strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbatan. There were 25.00% isolates from food and 25.37% isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin antibiotics (partial).@*Conclusions@#There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected.

Types of fluid intake during spring among college students in Hebei Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the total amount and types of fluid intake among college students in Hebei Province during spring and to provide scientific basis for fluid-intake education.@*Methods@#A simple random sampling method was used to select 156 college students from a college in Hebei Province. The information on amount and type of fluid intake was recorded using the 7-day 24-hour recording method. A separate analysis was performed on people who consumed beverages during the 7 days.@*Results@#The median intake of plain water, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and other beverages was 866 mL, 43 mL, 43 mL and 2 mL, respectively. The median of plain water, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and other beverages by the beverage-consumers was 845 mL, 36 mL, 63 mL and 11 mL, respectively. The intake of plain water and sugar-sweetened beverages in male students was significantly higher(Z=2.31, 3.03; 2.31, 2.11, P<0.05), and milk consumption was lower than female students of these two groups of people(Z=-2.73, -2.23, P<0.05). The intake of other beverages in male students was higher than that of female students, but only significant among beverage-consumers(Z=3.31, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the total amount of different fluid types among different BMI(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#College students in Hebei Province mainly drink plain water. Sex difference is observed in the types of fluid intake.

Exploratory research on Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology for radial artery puncture / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology in radial artery puncture.@*Methods@#One hundred and thirty-five patients who would receive elective surgery requiring radial artery puncture and catheterization to monitor invasive blood pressure were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=45): blind puncture group(group A), ultrasound puncture group(group B) and Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound puncture group(group C). The diameter and depth of radial artery, blood return time, puncture time for the process and the puncture success rate were recorded and compared.@*Results@#There was significant diffeence in the blood return time among three groups (P=0.039), the blood return time in group B was higher than in group A and C (P=0.029, 0.027). The difference was statistically significant in the puncture time among three groups (P=0.002), the puncture time in group B was higher than in group A and C (P=0.009, 0.001). The puncture success rate in group A was 71.11%, the puncture success rate were 100% in both group B and C.@*Conclusions@#Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology could effectively improve the skill of vascular puncture, which shortens the puncture time and improves the success rate of puncture. Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology provides benefits to master the ultrasound-guided vascular puncture for clinical work.

Analysis on serotypes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Methods Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18. 0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A to-tal of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and pa-tients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium ( 16. 67％ ) and Salmonella Stanley (8. 33％ ), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41. 79％ ), Salmonel-la Enteritidis (16. 42％ ) and Salmonella London (8. 96％ ). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloram-phenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27. 78％ -33. 33％ among the iso-lates from food, and 22. 22％ -25. 00％ to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/ sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin ( 55. 97％ ), followed by that to tetracycline (49. 25％ ), ampicillin/ sulbatan (44. 03％ ), nalidixic acid (41. 04％ ) and cefazolin (37. 31％ ), and 20. 90％ -30. 60％ strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and am-picillin/ sulbatan. There were 25. 00％ isolates from food and 25. 37％ isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin an-tibiotics (partial). Conclusions There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected.

Exploratory research on Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology for radial artery puncture / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology in radial artery puncture . Methods One hundred and thirty‐five patients who would receive elective surgery requiring radial artery puncture and catheterization to monitor invasive blood pressure were randomly divided into 3 groups( n ＝45) :blind puncture group( group A ) ,ultrasound puncture group( group B) and Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound puncture group ( group C ) . T he diameter and depth of radial artery ,blood return time ,puncture time for the process and the puncture success rate were recorded and compared . Results T here was significant diffeence in the blood return time among three groups ( P ＝0 .039) ,the blood return time in group B was higher than in group A and C ( P ＝ 0 .029 ,0 .027 ) . T he difference was statistically significant in the puncture time among three groups ( P ＝0 .002) ,the puncture time in group B was higher than in group A and C ( P ＝0 .009 ,0 .001) . T he puncture success rate in group A was 71 .11% ,the puncture success rate were 100% in both group B and C . Conclusions Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology could effectively improve the skill of vascular puncture ,which shortens the puncture time and improves the success rate of puncture . Wiguide needle guidance ultrasound technology provides benefits to master the ultrasound‐guided vascular puncture for clinical work .

Effects of renal denervation on blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Renal denervation (RD) has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to reduce blood pressure for those with resistant hypertension. Yet, we aimed to explore the effect and possible mechanism of RD on blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomized to three groups: study group, sham-operation group and control group. RD was achieved by cutting off renal nerves and swabbing phenol on it. Ten weeks after RD, 8 rats in each group were sacrificed to collect the kidney and heart tissues. The remaining rats were subjected to an operation to induce hemorrhagic shock which would lead to 40% loss of total blood volume, and observed for 120 min. The serum concentration of norepinephrine was measured before and three weeks after RD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The blood-pressure and norepinephrine levels were reduced significantly after RD (p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the surgery group were higher than those in the sham and control groups at 15, 30 and 45 min after hemorrhagic shock (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed at 60, 90 and 120 min (p > 0.05). Additionally, the beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) in the study group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (p < 0.05) after hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study demonstrated that RD could to some extent improve blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in an established model of severe hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mechanism might be associated with up-regulation of β1-AR.</p>

Application of array comparative genomic hybridization analysis for fetuses with growth anomalies / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the genetic etiology for fetuses featuring intrauterine growth anomalies using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-nine fetuses were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA of the abortive tissues was analyzed with aCGH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen (28.6%) samples were found with chromosomal aberrations, which included 8 chromosomal aneuploidies and 6 micro-aberrations (4 with known clinical pathogenecity and 2 with unknown clinical significance).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations underlie a significant proportion of fetal growth anomalies. aCGH has provided an effective method for delineating their genetic cause.</p>

Apllication of nasal synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome after extubation / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical efficacy of nasal synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation (nSIMV) in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) after extubation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis on the clinical date of 126 premature infants with severe RDS who were hospitalized in the NICU between January 2013 and May 2015 was performed. Sixty-one premature infants who were hospitalized in the NICU between January 2013 and March 2014 received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) (nCPAP group) and 65 premature infants who were hospitalized in the NICU between April 2014 and May 2015 received nSIMV (nSIMV group). The blood gas analysis indexes, the rate of extubation failure, the causes of extubation failure and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 4 hours of treatment, the pH value, PaO2, SaO2 and oxygenation index in the nSIMV group were significantly higher than in the nCPAP group (P<0.05), meanwhile, the PaCO2 in the nSIMV group were significantly lower than in the nCPAP group (P<0.05). The rates of extubation failure in the nSIMV and nCPAP groups were 9% (6/65) and 30% (18/61) respectively (P<0.05). The extubation failure in the nSIMV and nCPAP groups was caused by hyoxemia (2% vs 5%; P>0.05), hypercapnia (6% vs 11%; P>0.05) and apnea (2% vs 13%; P<0.05). There were no differences in respirator support time, full enteral feeding time, the time to regain birth weight and the length of hospitalization between two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the incidence of abdominal distension in the nSIMV group was significantly lower than in the nCPAP group (9% vs 30%; P<0.05) and there were no differences in the incidences of feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonory dysplasia between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>nSIMV for premature infants with severe RDS after extubation not only significantly improves lung function and reduces the rate of extubation failure, also results in a lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects and does not increase the incidence of complications.</p>

Clinical Analysis of Risk Factors for Intraocular Pressure Elevation after Vitrectomy / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To research the incidence and etiological factors of intraocular pressure(IOP)elevation in patients in early and late postop?erative stages after vitrectomy. Methods The clinical data of 235 cases(306 eyes)who underwent vitrectomy in our hospital were respectively ana?lyzed. IOP was measured before operation,in the early postoperative stage(within 2 weeks)and in the late postoperative stage(6 months after opera?tion or longer)by non?contact tonometer. Risk factors related with ocular hypertension happened in the early and late postoperative stages were statis?tically analyzed. Results The mean average IOP before operation was 15.3 ± 4.1 mmHg for the 306 eyes. Within the follow?up period of 6?20 months(mean,14.3 months),ocular hypertension occurred in 42 eyes[incidence,13.7%;mean,31.9 ± 6.0 mmHg]in the early postoperative stage and in 12 eyes[incidence,3.9%;mean,32.1 ± 5.7 mmHg]in the late postoperative stage. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lensecto?my,scleral buckling,cyclophotocoagulation,inert gas filling,silicone oil tamponade and diabetic retinopathy were the independent risk factors of oc?ular hypertension in early postoperative stage after vitrectomy,while lensectomy,scleral buckling,pan retinal photocoagulation,silicone oil tampon?ade,diabetic retinopathy and carotid artery stenosis were the independent risk factors of ocular hypertension in late postoperative stage after vitrecto?my. In addition,cyclophotocoagulation was a protective factor of IOP in the late postoperative stage. Conclusion The risk factors of ocular hyperten?sion after vitrectomy include the intraocular gapfiller,the mode of combined operation,disease type and carotid artery stenosis. IOP elevation that happens in the late postoperative stage is more harmful. Ocular hypertension in the late postoperative stage is not associated with that in the early stage.

Evaluation of Storage Performance of Preserving Bags for Manually Separated Platelets / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the storage performance of the domestically made platelet storage bags (experimental group) and the United States Trima set platelet storage bags (control group).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The manually separated platelets were divided in two equal parts, which was added to control blood bags and experimental blood bags respectively, all samples were stored at a 22 °C ± 2 °C. The platelet count, mean volume, aggregation activity (ADP, THR), pH, glucose, lactate concentration, lactate dehydrogenase concentration, hypotonic shock reaction, CD62P and phosphatidic acid serine content were detected at day 0, 3, 5 and 7 of storage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference of platelet quality at day 5 after storage between the experimental group and the control group (T-test, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two kinds of platelet storage bags have the similar storage performance.</p>

Identification of a novel pathogenic mutation in PDHA1 gene for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the molecular genetic mechanism and genetic diagnosis of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PHD), and to provide a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal genetic diagnosis of PHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the 11 exons and exon junction of the PDHA1 gene from a child who was diagnosed with PHD based on clinical characteristics and laboratory examination results. The PCR products were sequenced to determine the mutation. An analysis of amino acid conservation and prediction of protein secondary and tertiary structure were performed using bioinformatic approaches to identify the pathogenicity of the novel mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One novel duplication mutation, c.1111_1158dup48bp, was found in the exon 11 of the PDHA1 gene of the patient. No c.1111_1158dup48bp mutation was detected in the sequencing results from 50 normal controls. The results of protein secondary and tertiary structure prediction showed that the novel mutation c.1111 _1158dup48bp led to the duplication of 16 amino acids residues, serine371 to phenylalanine386, which induced a substantial change in protein secondary and tertiary structure. The conformational change was not detected in the normal controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The novel duplication mutation c.1111_1158dup48bp in the PDHA1 gene is not due to gene polymorphisms but a possible novel pathogenic mutation for PHD.</p>

Effects and mechanisms of low concentration dopamine on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of low concentration dopamine(DA) on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rat cardiomyocytes as well as the possible molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into the following groups: control group (control), hydrogen peroxide group (H2O2), pretreated with low concentration dopamine ( DA + H2O2), dopamine receptor l(DR1) antagonist group (DR1 + DA + H2O2), dopamine receptor 2(DR2) antagonist group (DR2 + DA + H2O2). The cell apoptosis was then assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. The cellular ultrastructure changes were observed by transmission electron micro- scope. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH )and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cell medium was analyzed by colorimetry. The protein expressions of Cytochrone c, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were obtained by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with hydrogen peroxide group, low concentration dopamine(10 µmol/L) decreased the apoptosis rate and the expression of protein of apoptosis related protein, enhanced SOD activity, decreased LDH activity. DR1 antagonist SCH-23390 treatment inhibited dopamine induced cardiac protective effect. DR2 antagonist haloperido treatment had no changes compared with dopamine group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Above findings indicate that low concentration dopanine inhibits apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which is partly associated with the activation of DR1.</p>

Influencing factors on prognosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: a retrospective study / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To determine the influencing factors on prognosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants with a gestational age of 28-32 weeks.Methods Forty-six cases of NEC (Bell stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ) with a gestational age of 28-32 weeks admitted to Bayi Children's Hospital from January,2009 to January,2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Twenty-nine cases were assigned to the cured group and 17 cases were assigned to the poor prognosis group according to prognosis.General conditions,laboratory results,treatment and complications in the two groups were analyzed.The Chi-square test,Fisher's exact test and univariate analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding gender,average birth weight and mean age of onset between the two groups [average birth weight (1 410.52±281.59) g vs (1 266.47±280.32) g and mean age of onset:(20.79± 10.61) d vs (16.71 ±9.41) d for the cured group versus the poor prognosis group,respectively].There were no difference in changes in white blood cells and platelets between the two groups.There were six cases of positive blood culture in the poor prognosis group and none in the cured group.There were no differences in procedures such as blood transfusion and ibuprofen administration [41.4％ (12/29) vs 11/17 and 6.9％ (2/29) vs 5/17,both P＞0.05,in the cured group versus the poor prognosis group,respectively].There were significant differences in the use of Bifidobacterium between the two groups [69.0％ (20/29) vs 5/17,x2=6.758,P=0.009].Fourteen cases in the cured group and 10 cases in the poor prognosis group underwent surgery,and all 10 cases in the poor prognosis group died.Seven cases underwent repeated surgery,one infant in the cured group and six infants in the poor prognosis group and a significant difference was observed (Fisher's exact,P=0.007).A statistically significant difference in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment was observed between the two groups,where 15 cases in the cured group and three cases in the poor prognosis group were treated with G-CSF (x2=5.225,P＜0.05).Statistically significant differences in septicemia,patent ductus arteriosus,gastrointestinal perforation,multiple organ failure (MOF),disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and septic shock were observed between the two groups [septicemia:44.8％ (13/29) vs 15/17,x2=8.478; patent ductus arteriosus:17.2％ (5/29) vs 9/17,x2=6.451; gastrointestinal perforation:3.4％ (1/29) vs 6/17; MOF:0.0％ (0/29) vs 5/17; DIC:0.0％ (0/29) vs 3/17; septic shock:3.4％ (1/29) vs 6/17,all P＜0.05 in the cured group versus the poor prognosis group,respectively).Conclusions Oral intestinal microbial preparations before the onset of NEC and G-CSF therapy after the onset of NEC may be protective factors in improving the prognosis of NEC,while patent ductus arteriosus,septicemia,gastrointestinal perforation,MOF,DIC and septic shock are risk factors.Emphasis should be placed on the administration of intestinal microbial agents,prevention of infection and treatment of complications.

Analysis on HIV infection status of voluntary blood donors in Chinese Nanjing area from 2003 to 2013 / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to analyze HIV infections status among the unpaid blood donation population in Chinese Nanjing area from 2003 to 2013, to understand the HIV antibody positive and/or HIV-RNA positive population characteristics in order to provide evidence for recruiting strategy of blood donation without compensation. The whole blood samples of unpaid donors and the platelet donors were tested by ELISA, from June 2010 the NAT test was added for the samples that were ELISA test with unilateral negative. Every HIV reactive sample (HIV-antibody and/or HIV-RNA) was sent to confirm in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Nanjing, including 1 case of enzyme bilateral positive and HIV-RNA reactivity has been sentenced as indeterminacy; another 1 case of enzyme bilateral negative and HIV-RNA reactive was sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Jiangsu Province to test nucleic acid quantification to be positive; The unpaid donor HIV screening results from 2003 to 2013 in Chinese Nanjing area were analysed statistically. The results showed that from 2003 to 2013 years 641401 unpaid blood donors were tested,out of them 57 cases were contirmed to be HIV antibody positive (HIV-1),the total positive rate was 8.89/100 000. Since 2010 years, the HIV antibody positive rate increased significantly (P < 0.01), then it was stable until to 2012 years, the HIV antibody positive rate was 15.43/100 000. In the 2013 year, the HIV antibody positive rate was 10.03/100 000. The HIV antiboby positive rates in male and female were 13.25: 1. The years of male cases were 18-30 that accounted for 56.14%, and the years of male cases were 31-40 that accounted for 31.58%. The men who first time donated blood were 46 cases and accounted for 80.70%. The men who donated blood again were 11 cases and accounted for 19.30%. The men who donated blood on streets of blood donation accounted for 80.70% and their HIV antibody positive rate was 11.88/100 000. The men who donated blood in the plan organization of donators were 8.78%, and their HIV antibody possitive rate was 2.33/100 000. The HIV antibody positive rate were different in the different times and different donation types, and were statistical significance (P < 0.01). It is concluded that based on the present status of HIV antibldy positive rate in Chinese Nanjing area, the HIV antibody possitive donors are more observed in the first blood donation population, especially in the higher educated young men. This situation or tendency indicates that the voluntary blood donors should be organized or selected from low risk population, and should popularize the knowlege of unpaid blood donation, especiatly the knowlege of AIDS, strengthen cosulting work on the mobile donation points in streets before donating blood, and should establish the cyber-database to ensure blood safety.

Mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in phenylketonuria patients from Shaanxi / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feature of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene mutations and provide guidance for genetic and prenatal diagnosis of patients with phenylketonuria from Shaanxi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For 55 patients whose blood Phe concentration was over 2.0 mg/dL, potential mutations in 13 exons and flanking sequences of the PAH gene were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 98 mutations were detected in 110 PAH alleles, with the detection rate being 89.10%. Nine mutations have been identified in exon 7, which accounted for 33.67% of all. Exon 12 (14.29%) and exon 3 (12.24%) have followed. Thirty eight mutations, locating in exon2-exon12 and the flanking sequence, were detected in the 55 PKU patients. p.R243Q (24.49%) was the commonest mutation, whilstp.A47E, p.I65S and p.A259T were first discovered in China. After querying international databases including PAHdb and HGMD, the p.C334X was verified as the novel PAH gene mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mutation spectrum of the PAH gene in Shaanxi has been identified. And a novel mutation has been identified. This may facilitate the diagnosis of PKU in the future.</p>

Perinatal high-risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a case-control study / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the timing of presentation and perinatal high-risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants with a gestational age of <33 weeks.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted in 49 preterm infants with NEC (gestational age <33 weeks) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Beijing Bayi Children's Hospital between October 1, 2010 and December 30, 2012, as well as preterm infants without NEC during the same period. The timing of presentation of NEC was retrospectively analyzed, and the perinatal high-risk factors for NEC were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of onset was 17.5 days (range: 3-106 d) in preterm infants with NEC. Sex, being small for gestational age, delivery mode and antenatal corticosteroid therapy were not associated with the development of NEC; low gestational age, low birth weight and neonatal asphyxia increased the risk of NEC, and low gestational age was identified as an independent high-risk factor for the development of NEC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Low gestational age is an important risk factor for the development NEC in preterm infants under 33 weeks' gestation, and the median age of onset is 17.5 days.</p>

Effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 on LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury in rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IEC-6 cells were treated with LPS to establish necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) model in vitro. rhIL-11 (100 ng/mL) was administered following LPS treatment and these cells were used as the IL-11 treatment group. The cells treated with normal saline only served as the control group. MTT assay was used to determine an optimal concentration (5-200 μg/mL) and time (1-24 h). MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation of IEC-6 cells at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after rhIL-11 treatment. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis of IEC-6 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IEC-6 cells treated with various concentrations of LPS at various time points showed a lower proliferation than the control group (P<0.05). After 9 hours of rhIL-11 treatment, the proliferation activity of IEC-6 cells in the IL-11 treatment group significantly increased compared with the NEC model group without rhIL-11 treatment (P<0.05), reaching to the level of the control group. The total apoptotic and necrotic rate of IEC-6 cells in the IL-11 treatment group decreased significantly compared with the NEC model group without rhIL-11 treatment (P<0.01), but were still higher than the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>rhIL-11 can promote proliferation and reduce apoptotic and necrotic rates of IEC-6 cells treated with LPS.</p>