Prevalence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction in Egyptian married rural women in child bearing period

Sexuality is an important part of health, quality of life and general wellbeing [1]. Sexual dysfunction is characterized by disturbance in sexual desire and psycho physiological changes associated with the sexual response cycle in men and women [2]. Female Sexual dysfunction [FSD] is defined as a disorder of sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, or sexual pain that results in significant personal distress. That might have an impact on the quality of life, interpersonal relationships and self-esteem. Several human studies have documented that, FSD is a progressive, related to hormone-sensitive condition [3]. A woman's sexuality is a complex interplay of physical and emotional response that affects the way she thinks and feels about herself. When a woman has a sexual problem, it can impact many aspects of her life, including her personal relationships. In additional to, causes of sexual dysfunctions can be psychological, physical or related to interpersonal relationships or sociocultural influences [4]. To estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among married rural women in child bearing period. Also to explore possible risk factors that may precipitate to female sexual dysfunction with in marital life. A cross sectional clinic-/hospital based survey. Study was performed in out patient clinics of obstatric and gynacological department of university hospital at Menoufiya Governorate. The subjects of study were 290 married rural women in child bearing age, those were selected from attedences who lived in surrounding villages to the hospital, The study was taken period of time from Jun 2007 to Jun 2008. The researchers utilized structured interviewing questionnaire sheet it was contained the following categories: sociodemographic characteristics, medical, obstetric and gynecological history as well as sexual relation/activity and contraceptive methods which were used. All sample were counseled confidentionially about their dysfunction and their clinically examined Complete assessment was carried out to exclude pathological causes of dysfunction. Subject were diagnosed as FSD by researcher physician. Majority of the sample had sexual dysfunction [86.3%]. Also, third of studied sample were relatives, and beside that relatively all studied sample were circumcised from 8-10 years. FSD is a highly prevalent problem within the scope of this study. The culture, beliefs and educational level of women had a major effect on occurrence of sexual dysfunction

Influence of parent's treatment styles' on school achievement among rural school children

Parenting style has been found to predict child well-being in the domains of social competence. academic performance, psychosocial development, and problem behavior. Yet still few researches are found on parent child interactions. Parenting types are sets of certain behaviors that are a part of the parenting process that influence child outcomes. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the relationship between parent's treatment styles [PT'S] and school achievement and explore important home familial dynamics that affect such achievements. A cross-sectional study was done in two rural preparatory schools which were selected randomly in Menoufiya Governorate. Sample of 288 was selected randomly from all students of these two schools. They were subjected to self administered questionnaire containing personal data, familial and parental data. Three Parent's Treatment Styles [PTS] were measured according to Mohamed Ali, 2004. Final exams score of the second semester during the scholastic year 2005-2006 was considered as an indicator of the school achievement. It was found that parents who were characterized as having unsuitable behavior in acceptance/refuse sector of PTS, had children who did worse in schools 58.1% compared to 41.6% among parental suitable behavior [p=0.04]. Fathers who having suitable behavior in care/negligence sector, have children who did better in schools 57.9% compared to 37.9% among fathers with unsuitable behavior [p=0.04]. This result was not observed among mothers [p=0.29]. In addition, parental democracy/Authority sector showed no significant effect on school achievement. Aspects of family dynamics, in this study highlighted that higher school achievement corresponded significantly to higher parental education, parental occupation, performing regular homework at home, celebration of the family with the child's birthday and taking private lessons [p < 0.05 for each]. However, student order within his family, family size, parents age, and parents suffering from chronic diseases showed insignificant effect on school achievement.[p>0.05 for each]. Overall; school achievement in this study is, to some extent, poor. [44.3% failed]. Male students had higher failed percentage. Children who feel that: [a] their parents accept them as they are, [b] their parents worry about them when they do not know where they are? will do better in schools. Egyptian parents especially those live in rural areas, need urgently, to be aware about PTS and suitable behaviors in each sector, that will improve their children scholastic achievement