Coronary heart disease and post menopausal hormone replacement therapy - revisited

Until recently hormone replacement therapy [HRT] was recommended as a secondary prevention treatment for coronary heart disease [CHD] in post menopausal women. This recommendation was based on observational studies, showing some beneficial effects that were possibly due to enrollment bias, where users had a better CHD profile. Randomized controlled trials were needed to provide objective data on this issue. Now we have the results of three randomized trials addressing the relation of HRT and CHD in post menopausal women, two of them are secondary prevention and one is a primary prevention trial. In this review, analysis of the three studies will be provided and the recommendations will be presented

Thyroid hormone effects on the cardiovascular system, in health and disease

Thyroid gland dysfunction which includes hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and the subclinical hyper or hypothyroidism are common clinical entities, and any clinician should expect to face them during his practice frequently. the clinical features of these diseases on the cardiovascular system, and the underlying mechanisms behind them at the cellular and nuclear level will be presented in this review article. the suggested management will be discussed also