RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the association of impaired fasting glucose [IFG] with hypertension in Pakistani population. Study Design: A cross-sectional, analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa Community Health Centre, Islamabad from December 2016 to July 2017
Methodology: One hundred and eighty-seven hypertensive patients were included in the study, using consecutive sampling technique. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. Continuous variables were expressed as mean + SD and categorical variables as numbers and percentages. Differences among males/females and between hypertensive patients with normal, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes for risk factors were analysed, using independent sample t-test, ANOVA and chi-square test using SPSS version 24
Results: The mean age of patients was 52.98 +11.22 years. Females were 69.9% and males 30.1%. The total frequency of IFG in patients with hypertension was 42.6% and new onset diabetes 12.5% showing its close association with hypertension. There was no significant difference between males and females for risk factors [age, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol] except for more education, smoking, and high triglyceride in males. There was no significant difference among hypertensive patients with normal, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes for risk factors [gender, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and family history] except for smoking
Conclusion: The significant association of impaired fasting glucose with hypertension necessitates early screening for impaired fasting glucose
RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the association of impaired fasting glucose [IFG] with hypertension in Pakistani population
Study Design: A cross-sectional, analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: Shifa Community Health Centre, Islamabad from December 2016 to July 2017
Methodology: One hundred and eighty-seven hypertensive patients were included in the study, using consecutive sampling technique. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. Continuous variables were expressed as mean + SD and categorical variables as numbers and percentages. Differences among males/females and between hypertensive patients with normal, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes for risk factors were analysed, using independent sample t-test, ANOVA and chi-square test using SPSS version 24
Results: The mean age of patients was 52.98 +/-11.22 years. Females were 69.9% and males 30.1%. The total frequency of IFG in patients with hypertension was 42.6% and new onset diabetes 12.5% showing its close association with hypertension. There was no significant difference between males and females for risk factors [age, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol] except for more education, smoking, and high triglyceride in males. There was no significant difference among hypertensive patients with normal, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes for risk factors [gender, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and family history] except for smoking
Conclusion: The significant association of impaired fasting glucose with hypertension necessitates early screening for impaired fasting glucose
RESUMO
To evaluate the clinical diagnostic reasoning process as a tool to decrease the number of unnecessary endoscopies for diagnosing peptic ulcer disease. Cross-sectional KAP study. Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, from April to August 2010. Two hundred doctors were assessed with three common clinical scenarios of low, intermediate and high pre-test probability for peptic ulcer disease using a questionnaire. The differences between the reference estimates and the respondents' estimates of pre-test and post test probability were used for assessing the ability of estimating the pretest probability and the post test probability of the disease. Doctors were also enquired about the cost-effectiveness and safety of endoscopy. Consecutive sampling technique was used and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. In the low pre-test probability settings, overestimation of the disease probability suggested the doctors' inability to rule out the disease. The post test probabilities were similarly overestimated. In intermediate pre-test probability settings, both over and under estimation of probabilities were noticed. In high pre-test probability setting, there was no significant difference in the reference and the responders' intuitive estimates of post test probability. Doctors were more likely to consider ordering the test as the disease probability increased. Most respondents were of the opinion that endoscopy is not a cost-effective procedure and may be associated with a potential harm. Improvement is needed in doctors' diagnostic ability by more emphasis on clinical decision-making and application of bayesian probabilistic thinking to real clinical situations