Frequency of human papillumavirus among women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer attending Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Clinics, Tehran, Iran

The previous studies reported some information about prevalence release of high-risk HPV types in HSIL or cervical cancer globally and in Iran, however, this information is not enough for final judgment about vaccination against HPV or any screening program. The aim of the present study was to assess the HPV type distribution in HSIL and ICC specimens of women attending Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals, Tehran, Iran for treatment during 10 years. This retrospective- descriptive study evaluated the HPV type distribution of pathologic specimens of Iranian women with invasive cervical cancer [ICC] and high-grade squamous cell intraepithelial lesions [HSIL]. Formalinfixed tumor biopsies that were retrieved from women presenting with histological confirmation for ICC and 17 pathologic confirmation for HSIL specimens. The most frequently identified HPV type 16 among both groups, women with invasive cervical cancer [42.18%] and women with High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion [29.41%], followed by HPV18, HPV31 and 26. HPV16 and / or 18 accounted for 82.2% of all infected samples. The dominance of HPV16 over other high-risk types might be even higher than in a region with low HPV exposure. However, there was no strong evidence for any judgment that show to the policy makers; which one is cost-effectiveness and feasibility for cervical cancer prevention in Iran, vaccination, screening or both? More population based study and national meta-analysis needed for better understanding of HPV prevalence and HPV DNA patterns in Iran

Sexual behavior of married Iranian women, attending Taleghani public health center

Sexual practices as an important aspect of reproductive health have many physical and psychological effects on people's lives, there is limited evidence on such practices and their pattern among Iranian women. Hence we aimed to determine different types of sexual practices among 19-45 year old married Iranian women. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 married women, aged 19-45 years, attending Taleghani Public Health Center for annual gynecologic examination during November 2008 to May 2009 using convenient sampling. The participants were enquired about their experience regarding different types of sex, as well as their views and feelings about such practices, using an anonymous questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 34 years. All had ever experienced vaginal sex and 50.9% reported ever experience of other types of sex [non-vaginal], as well. Due to some stigma attached to non-vaginal sexual practices among women in Iran, the feelings of women with regard to different sexual practices were also examined in this paper. This study showed that non-vaginal sex among women is considerable and because of less favourable views of women towards such practices, it seems that these practices might have psychologically impacts on women's life. Hence, counseling and educational programs designed for married men and women can include some factual information about different types of sex

Rise in cesarean section rate over a 30-year period in a public hospital in Tehran, Iran

Numerous studies show a growing trend in cesarean section rates throughout the world, including Iran. However, existing evidence in our country is scant and previous reports are restricted to short time periods. The aim of the current study is to measure the trend in cesarean sections [CS] rates over the past 30 years in a referral hospital in Tehran. We routinely collected data on the demographic characteristics of all women who gave birth in the hospital during the study period. The mode of delivery and the personnel in charge of delivery has like wise been recorded for each birth during the study period. The data were extracted from medical records and entered into a structured checklist. The rate of CS out of all deliveries increased from 14.3% in 1979 to 22.7% in 1989, 52.5% in 1999, and 85.3% in 2009 [P< 0.001]. The most common reason for CS was a repeated section. The percentage of vaginal deliveries performed by midwives has not changed significantly and the number of both midwives and obstetricians per 1000 births has increased, from 2.8 to 15.4 midwives per 1000 births and from 5.5 to 23.0 obstetricians per 1000 births. Immediate strategies should be adopted to prevent the rising trend and increasing number of unnecessary CS in Iran

[Examination of sexual behavior patterns in married woman aged 19-45 who come to Taleghani Health Center, Tehran, Iran]

Objective: To determine sexual behavior patterns in married woman with 19-45 ages who com to Taleghani heath center, Tehran, Iran

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a total of 200, 19-45 years old women who came to Taleghani health center was performed. Sampling was as simple method. A designed questionnaire administered for data collection. Content validity and Choronbach's Alpha were utilized for examination of validity and reliability respectively. Questionnaires were completed through interview. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS 15

Results: The mean age and marriage age in women was 34.08+/-7.04 and 20.73+/-3.9 years respectively. 24.5 % of them had anal sex and 23.5 % had oral sex. There were a significant relation between asked and acceptance of oral and anal sex [P<0.00]. Most of them have more than one behavior in one sexual episode

Conclusion: There are Non-vaginal sex in some women of society that can lead to some physical problems such as urinary tract infections, genital infections and sexually transmitted and can had negatively psychologic load on women. Hence, advice and education on sexual health in the community seems to be necessary

Knowledge and Attitude of Women Regarding the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection, Its Relationship to Cervical Cancer and Prevention Methods

This study aimed to determine knowledge and attitude of women to HPV and its association with cervical cancer and prevention methods. In a cross-sectional study, 500 women, aged between 20 and 50 presenting to local health centers in Tehran, were asked about demographic factors and questioned about cervical cancer, HPV, and prevention methods. Responses were tabulated and summarized. Although knowledge of HPV, its relation to cervical cancer and prevention methods among Iranian women is not enough, their attitude towards education in this regards is extremely high. The results reflect the need of advertising and educational programs for public about HPV prevention methods, to reduce the prevalence of this infection and its severe consequences.

Life experience with infertility; a phenomenological study

In most cultures, fertility has a great social value and parenting aones own biological child is considered the most basic motive in the process of human life. On the other hand, infertility could lead to a destructive emotional experience. According to the World Health Organization [WHO], about 80 million people in the world live with infertility. Infertility has a negative influence on the lives of both genders and predisposes them to emotional and psychological burdens. Physical, mental and economic challenges may affect young couples during infertility treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the in-depth life experience of infertile couples. This qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted on 11 purposively selected couples attending the outpatient department of Reproductive Health Research Center at Taleqani Hospital on August-December 2008. The interviews were carried out to explore life experiences of the infertile couples who were under infertility treatment process. The data were generated from taped interviews and the researchers' observational field notes. The data were analyzed according to the procedure outlined by Colaizzi. Interviews were categorized by examining the participants' interview transcripts and identifying significant statements and meanings. Themes emerging from the statements were identified, and cross-case comparisons were made to confirm or modify them. Six key themes followed by eleven sub-themes emerged from the data. The results showed that infertility, affects emotional and sexual relationships of infertile couples. The couples' relationship with family members and relatives is affected when they realize about their problem. Sometimes the infertile couples resort to unusual and non-medical treatment options when their expectations form the medical team are not met. Thematically, infertility could deeply affect infertile couples' entire life. More widespread use of midwifery and psychological counseling services at infertility treatment centers seem to be of help to infertile couples and their relatives