Iron deficiency anemia: scenario of pregnant women living at an altitude of >5000 feet in district abbottabad

To estimate the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in a sample of population of pregnant women residing permanently at high altitude of > 5000 feet in different areas of district Abbottabad. Cross sectional Study. Northern Institute of Medical Sciences Abbottabad: From 17 August 2009 to 15 June 2010. This study was carried out on hundred pregnant women residing permanently at an altitude of > 5000 feet above sea level in district Abbottabad. The age range was fixed to 15-45 [child bearing age] years. Suspected study participants having anemia were tested for iron status by serum ferritin test. Pregnant women having both anemia and iron deficiency were labeled as patients of Iron deficiency anemia. Results: The age range was 15-41 years with a mean of+/ - SD of 28.13 + / - 6.61. All women were of low and middle socioeconomic class with 74% illiteracy. 60% of women had birth spacing of two or less than two years. 64% of pregnant women had three children. Anemia was detected in 74% [X[2] =9.42 p > 0.05], iron deficiency in 66% [X[2] = 14.76 p <0.01] and iron deficiency anemia in 60% [X[2] = 13.56 p < 0.01]. High altitude resident pregnant women remain at high risk of developing iron deficiency anemia because of illiteracy, poverty and ignorance. With adequate nutrition and health education the problem can be addressed effectively

Osteosarcoma: review and diversity of cases

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of bone in adolescents and young adults. It accounts for approximately 15% of all primary bone tumors confirmed at biopsy. There are numerous types of primary osteosarcoma, including are intramedullary osteosarcoma, juxtacortical [surface] osteosarcoma, and extra skeletal osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma may also occur as a secondary lesion in association with underlying benign conditions. The identification of neoplastic osteoid matrix formation and aggressive characteristics are necessary for histological diagnosis of osteosarcoma. In all bone tumors, differential diagnosis is best assessed with radiographs, whereas staging is performed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Beside literature review, we are going to discuss 26 cases of primary osteosarcomas of bone [majority are of conventional type] and 03 cases of extra- skeletal ostcosarcomas

Cystic lymphangioma of the small-bowel mesentery: case report

Cystic lymphangioma of the small-bowel mesentery is a rare manifestation of an intraabdominal tumor in elderly patients. We present a case of a small-bowel mesentery lymphangioma, causing fever and chills and present clinical and pathologic features. Furthermore, etiology and differential diagnosis of this tumor are discussed

Audit of 100 cases of space occupying lesions of brain

Brain tumors comprise 10% of all tumors and account for the most common tumors of childhood. Peak incidence is seen at 5th decade. Supratentorial tumors are present in adults and Infratentorial tumors are frequent in childhood. In this study, 100 cases of SOL [space occupying lesion] brain were received as biopsies or as whole specimens fixed in 10% formal in. Out of the total 100 cases, male to female ratio was 61: 39.Highest number of cases was seen in ages 51 years and above. Out of the total of 100 tumors, 47 were benign and 53 were malignant tumors. Among the benign tumors, following cases were reported: Meningioma, 24; Pituitary adenoma, 12; Schwannoma, 09; Choroid plexus papilloma, 01 and Neurofibroma, 01. Among the malignant tumors ,following types were seen: Glioblastoma multiforme, 12; Metastatic carcinoma, 08; Fibrillary astrocytoma, 08; Anaplastic astrocytoma, 08; Medulloblastoma, 06; Oligodendroglioma, 03; Gemistocytic astrocytoma, 03; Ependymoma, 03; Pilocytic astrocytoma, 01 and subependymal gia nt cell astrocytoma [SEGA], 01. Thus, the commonest benign tumor reported was classical meningioma and commonest malignant tumor was glioblastoma multiforme

Analysis of 210 cases of radiologically guided FNAC of intraabdominal masses

Two hundred and ten cases of intraabdominal masses were aspirated under ultrasound and CT scan guidance. These aspirates were done by senior radiology staff at Sheikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute Lahore. The smears and cell blocks were studied by consultant pathologists and final diagnosis was obtained. Seven cases were considered as inadequate, these were excluded from study. The remaining 203 cases included in the study consisted of 147 cases of liver masses,29 cases of nodal masses ,16 cases of retroperitoneal masses, 10 cases of GIT masses and one case of ovarian mass. Most of the malignant aspirates were from liver followed by nodal masses and retroperitoneal masses. The diagnostic yield was 97.4% and diagnostic yield of malignancy was 69.9%. In liver masses. HCC was the commonest lesion found followed by lesions from GIT metastatic to liver. In nodal masses, NHL was the commonest malignancy found. We successfully aspirated retroperitoneal masses and diagnosed these lesions cytologically with cl inical correlation. The accuracy rate for diagnosing GIT lesions was 100%. Thus radiologically guided FNAC is simple, quick accurate and essentially risk free procedure for diagnosis of intraabdominal masses

Spectrum of intrathoracic lesions by guided fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC]

This study was done to evaluate the spectrum of various intrathoracic lesions by radiologically guided fine needle aspiration cytology FNAC was performed on 62 patients [48 males and 14 females] at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore under ultrasound and CT scan guidance. The cytologic diagnoses were classified as primary lung lesions and mediastinal lesions. Four major groups were made; Non Diagnostic, Benign or negative for malignancy, inflammatory lesions and malignant lesions. Diagnostic yield was 95.1%. Thirty cases [48.4%] were malignant, 19 cases [30.7%] belonged to inflammatory group, 10 cases [16.7%] were diagnosed as benign or negative for malignant cells, and 3 cases [4.9%] were non-diagnostic due to F inadequate aspirate inspite of repeated aspirations. Malignant lung lesions comprised of 9 cases [31.1%] 1 small cell carcinoma, 2 cases [6.9%] broadly categorized as non-small cell carcinoma, 7 cases [24.1%] of squamous cell carcinoma, 5 cases [17.2] of metastatic adenocarcinoma, 4 cases [13.8] of undifferentiated carcinoma and a single case each of mesothelioma and of malignant round cell tumor [3.4%]. Out of mediastinal lesions there was only one case of malignancy that was malignant round cell tumour of child hood. Nineteen out of total 62 cases were of inflammatory group. Out of which 10 cases [52.6%] had, chronic granulomatous inflammation, and nine cases [47.4%] were of abscesses. Tuberculosis was found 1 in 6 cases and the remaining 4 cases were suggestive of tuberculosis. Majority of lung lesions were encountered in 6`h decade of life. As the method is simple, rapid, and cost effective, it can be easily practiced in any centre, where specialized radiologists and pathologists are available. It reduces the patient`s stay in hospital and thus the cost of treatment is markedly reduced