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Background@#Angiosarcoma (AS) and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) are rare malignant and borderline malignant vascular tumors that may first present to a dermatologist. There are few Korean studies that particularly focus on their survival due to low incidence. @*Objective@#To investigate the survival and prognostic factors among patients with AS and KS, in addition to their clinical features. @*Methods@#Between 2000∼2021, medical records of 26 AS and 26 KS patients at a single center were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, we calculated the disease specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) of two diseases. @*Results@#The mean age of patients with AS was 72.9 years and 67.3 years for KS. The most common tumor location was the scalp in patients with AS (80.8%) and the foot (65.4%) in those with KS. In patients with AS, 1-year DSS and OS rates were 36.0% and 34.6%, respectively. Five-year DSS and OS rates were 24.0% and 20.2%, respectively. In patients with KS, the 1-year DSS and OS rates were 96.2% and 84.6%, respectively. The 5-year DSS and OS were 91.6% and 58.0%, respectively. Patients who were older or had larger lesions than average had decreased DSS and OS in AS. Among the patients with KS, immunosuppressed status, including human immunodeficiency virus infection, showed reduced OS. @*Conclusion@#Apart from confirming grave survival of AS and favorable survival of KS, patient’s age and size of lesion affect survival outcomes in patients with AS. Otherwise, immunosuppressed status affects survival outcomes in patients with KS.
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Background@#Particulate matter (PM) is one of the air pollutants that can damage human skin; the recent increase in the amount of PM may be detrimental to skin health. @*Objective@#We aimed to investigate the effects of PM on cultured human sebocytes and outer root sheath (ORS) cells and the effects of Siegesbeckia Herba extract (SHE) on PM-treated cultured cells. @*Methods@#Sebocytes and ORS cells were cultured. The cultured cells were treated with various concentrations of PM of <10 μm in size (PM10) (10 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml) for 24 h. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), small interfering (si) RNA transfection, Oil Red O and Nile red staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to analyze the presence of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), ROS, and lipid production. In addition, PM10 (100 μg/ml)-treated cultured cells were treated with 10 mg/ml of SHE. @*Results@#PM10 upregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, AhR, NFkB, and ROS in cultured human sebocytes and ORS cells. The production of ROS was dramatically reduced in AhR siRNA-transfected cells. In addition, PM10 upregulates sebum production in cultured sebocytes. SHE inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, AhR, NF-kB, ROS, and sebum production in cultured human sebocytes and/or ORS cells by PM10. @*Conclusion@#Effects of PM10 on cultured human sebocytes and ORS cells can be regulated by SH.
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Background@#Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant that can impair the human skin.Antioxidants have been tested to improve PM-induced skin inflammation. @*Objective@#In this study, we investigated the effects of dieckol on PM-induced inflammation on cultured human sebocytes, outer root sheath (ORS) cells, and mice pretreated with Cutibacterium acnes. @*Methods@#We cultured and treated the sebocytes and ORS cells with 5 μM of dieckol and 100 μg/ml of PM10 for 24 h. The C. acnes−pretreated mice received 5 μM of dieckol and 100 μg/ml of PM10. We measured cell viability using MTT assay. Real-time PCR and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sebum production analyzed the effects. @*Results@#Dieckol inhibited the upregulation of the gene expression of the inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells by PM10 in the cultured sebocytes and ORS cells and inhibited an increase in ROS production by PM10 in the cultured sebocytes.In addition, dieckol decreased the inflammatory cytokines, MMP, and sebum production in C. acnes−pretreated mice. @*Conclusion@#Dieckol effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and the production of sebum in cultured sebocytes, ORS cells, and C. acnes−pretreated mice.