Corrigendum: Inflammatory Cytokine Expressions of the Subacromial Bursitis and Glenohumeral Joint Synovitis in the Patients with Full Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear

This correction is being published to correct the order of the first and second authors' names in the above article.

Extensor Pollicis Longus Rupture after Distal Radius Fracture

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cause and surgical outcome of extensor pollicis longus rupture after distal radius fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen cases in which the patients underwent surgical treatment for rupture of the extensor pollicis longus after distal radius fractures were followed for more than one year. Among the nineteen cases, fourteen extensor pollicis longus ruptures occurred after conservative treatment, four occurred after closed reduction with K-wire fixation, and one occurred after open reduction and internal fixation with a plate. All cases were treated by extensor indicis proprius transfer. RESULTS: Extensor pollicis longus ruptures were caused by K-wire irritation in two, by a protruding screw tip in one, and by a callus in one. In the conservative treatment group, tendon ruptures were diagnosed at an average of 3.1 months (0.7~17). Tendon ruptures were detected in the surgical treatment group at an average of 12.8 months (1~48). All the patients showed favorable recovery of the extension capability of the thumb at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: The main cause of extensor pollicis longus rupture after distal radius fracture was ischemic damage. Therefore, during the surgery, the length and direction of screws and K-wires should be fixed carefully to avoid such damage. Distal radius fracture also requires careful observation of the extensor pollicis longus during follow-up. Furthermore, extensor indicis proprius transfer is considered to be an effective method for extensor pollicis longus rupture.

Surgical Management of Repeated Low-Energy Periprosthetic Femur Fractures: A Case Report

Periprosthetic fracture of the femur is an uncommon complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA), but it appears to be increasing in incidence as a result of the aging population demographics and the increased number of THAs that are being performed. Much interest has been generated regarding low energy fractures in the elderly, but repeated periprosthetic fractures in the same femur are uncommon. The authors present here the case of a 71 year old patient who sustained repeated low energy ipsilateral periprosthetic femur fractures. The initial injury was caused by a road traffic accident, but the subsequent fractures were all caused by low energy falls. The patient sustained proximal and distal femur fractures with implants in situ. The probable causes of such fractures was a combination of systemic and local host factors, such as osteoporosis, cortical stress risers, local osteopenia secondary to bed rest, quiescent infection and altered fracture site vascularity due to the internal fixation devices and multiple re-operations.

Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with Aescula(R) Plate / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study is to evaluate chinical and radiological results of open wedge high tibial osteotomy using Aescula(R) plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninity one patients who have unicompartmental osteoarthritis with varus deformity were treated by open wedge high tibial osteotomy with Aescula(R) plate and followed up at least 2 years. Clinically, visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM) and hospital for special surgery (HSS) score were evaluated. Radiologically, tibio-femoral angle, mechanical axis, medial proximal tibia angle and posterior slope were measured. All complications were also evaluated. RESULTS: During the follow-up VAS improved from 8.3 to 2.1, ROM were checked preoperatively from 1.3degrees to 137degrees and from 1.8degrees to 136.1degrees at last follow up. And HSS score improved from 76.8 to 91. Preoperative tibio-femoral angle was 0.4degrees of varus, mechanical axis 6.4degrees of varus, medial proximal tibia angle 84.4degrees and posterior slope 9.3degrees. Radiologic results at last follow up revealed significant improvements by 8.3degrees of valgus for tibio-femoral angle, 1.8degrees of valgus for mechanical axis and 90.1degrees for medial proximal tibia angle. Mean posterior slope was 10.4degrees which increased 1.1degrees compared with preoperative one. And there was one fixation failure that needed re-operation. CONCLUSION: Open wedge high tibial osteotomy using Aescula(R) provided excellent clinical and radiological results at 2 years follow-up.

Chronic Bleeding due to Jejunal Gatrointestinal Stromal Tumor Diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for 2~10% of chronic GI bleeding. Conventional upper and lower endoscopy can not find bleeding focus. Because early diagnosis of the bleeding focus is difficult, repeated admission and transfusion cause psychological and economical burden. Recently developed capsule endoscopy has made painless imaging of the entire small intestine possible. Capsule endoscopy as a non-invasive test will be the preferred method of small bowel evaluation. We report a case of jejunal gastrointestinal stormal tumor, in a 69-year-old woman with history of chronic bleeding for nine years, which was not detected with conventional methods, but diagnosed with capsule endoscopy.

Viral Breakthrough in HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Lamivudine Therapy / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Long-term efficacy and the rate of viral breakthrough in patients with HBeAg- negative chronic hepatitis B receiving lamivudine therapy is uncertain. This study was conducted to determine the rate of viral breakthrough according to the HBeAg status and the relation of viral breakthrough with YMDD mutants. METHODS: Two hundred and five patients with HBeAg-positive and 49 patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, who had received lamivudine for at least 9 months, were included. The mean durations of the lamivudine treatment were 176 months and 155 months in HBeAg-positive and negative patients, respectively. Analysis of HBV genome for YMDD mutations was performed by restriction-fragment-length polymorphism assay and direct sequencing. RESULTS: While the cumulative rates of viral breakthrough at 12th and 24th months of the lamivudine therapy were 0% and 7% in the HBeAg-negative group, they were 12% and 39% in the HBeAg-positive group. The cumulative rate of viral breakthrough in the HBeAg-negative group was significantly lower than in the HBeAg-positive group (p<0.01). In multivariate analysis, the only significant factor related to viral breakthrough was the HBeAg status (p<0.05). The YMDD mutants were detected in all patients with viral breakthrough irrespective of HBeAg status. However, in patients without viral breakthrough, the rate of YMDD mutants was significantly higher in the HBeAg-negative group than in the HBeAg-positive group (13.3% vs 5.1%; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Lamivudine is expected to be more persistently effective in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B because of a lower viral breakthrough rate than in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B in spite of the emergence of YMDD mutants.

The Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Siblings of Patients with HBV-associated Chronic Liver Disease / 대한간학회지

Backgrounds/Aims: This study aimed to estimate the seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with emphasis on the transmission of HBV infection between mothers and their children. METHODS: For 452 patients with HBV associated chronic liver disease, and 1,098 of their offspring, who visited Korea University Kuro Hospital from February, 2000 to February, 2001, HBsAg was tested by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Among siblings whose mothers were HBsAg-positive, the overall prevalence rate of HBV infection was 44.9% (140/312) and decreased with decreasing age (54.7% in > or =20 years old age group, 33.3% in 10-19 years old age group, 7.6% in <10 years old age group). The estimated proportion of perinatal infection out of modes of HBV transmissions in the general population was 38% in <10 years and 63.4% in 10-19 years. CONCLUSION: The present hepatitis B vaccination strategies -especially against perinatal infection- of Korea have performed to their utmost. More effective methods for the prevention of HBV transmission are now needed.