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Objective:To investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of UGT2A3 differential expression in colorectal carcinogenesis.Methods:Nine CRC datasets were downloaded from GEO database and TCGA. R language was used to analyze the differential expression of UGT2A3 in cancer and normal tissues. According to the expression level of UGT2A3 in TCGA, the top 20 samples with the highest expression and the lowest expression were selected from normal tissues and CRC tissues, respectively. The abundance of immune cells and immune enrichment score were compared, the differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed miRNAs were screened, and the pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed.Results:UGT2A3 was down regulated in all 9 CRC datasets. In all sample types, compared with the UGT2A3 high expression group, the UGT2A3 low expression group had significantly higher ImmuneScore, EstimateScoreandStromalScore, and had higher abundance of immune cells (except memory B cells). In normal tissues, the differential expression of UGT2A3 mainly affects cancer-related pathways, while in tumor tissues, it mainly affects metabolic pathways. miR-194-2, miR-224 and miR-551b were differentially expressed in all groups, which were considered as potential UGT2A3 upstream regulatory genes in CRC.Conclusions:UGT2A3, miR-194-2, miR-224 and miR-551b can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC.
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Objective To elaborate the clinical characteristics of adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and to expand the clinical thinking of adrenal tumors.Methods Subjects with adrenal tumors and nonHodgkin's lymphomas between January.1994 and December.2012 in Peking University First Hospital retrospectively were included and these with adrenal lymphoma patients were analyzed in the present study.Results Among 1100 adrenal tumors and 1 002 non-hodgkin's lymphomas,21 patients (aged 35 to 80 years,mean 56 years) were diagnosed as having adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 14 males and 7 females.Among the 21 patients,15 were with pain on the waist and the back,3 with fever,1 had weight loss.Two patients were diagnosed by regular health examination.Only 2 subjects accompanied by superficial lymph node enlargement,while 10 by abdominal cavity lymph node enlargement.Eleven subjects were with extranodal involvement.Bilateral adrenal were involved in 8 patients with 9 on the left and 4 the right.The average diameter of the masses was 7.2 cm.There were no specific features in conventional imaging such as CT and MRI scan.All of the 21 cases were found normal adrenal function by endocrinological examinations.Pathology reviewed that 18 of 21 were diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,2 were T cell lymphoma,1 were anaplastic large cell lymphoma.Only 7 of 21 cases were diagnosed with adrenal lymphoma pre-operation.Seventeen patients were followed up by telephone in September 2014,in which 14 died and the average survival time was 5.5 months,2 were tumor-free survival for 4 and 10 months respectively,1 were currently undergoing chemotherapy.Conclusions Adrenal lymphoma is rare with less superficial lymph node,more bilateral adrenal involved with high malignant degree.It progressed quickly with poor prognosis.Clinical and imaging features were not specific,so misdiagnosis was very common.Pathology is the diagnostic gold standard.The most common type was diffuse large B cell type.
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Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of adrenal tumors combined with renal carcinoma and to extend the clinical understanding of the situation.Methods To analyze the data of 1 100 patients with adrenal tumors hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital from Jan.1994 to Mar.2012 retrospectively,in the series there were 42 combined with renal carcinoma.Results There were 27 males,15 females,aged 29 to 83 years,mean 60.5 years old.In 42 renal carcinomas,there were 29 (69.0％) clear cell carcinomas,5 (11.9 ％) cystic renal carcinomas,2 (4.8％)clear cell with granulosa cell hybrid carcinomas,1 renal lymphoma,1 (2.4％) spindle cell tumor,1 acidophilic cell adenoma,and 1 undifferentiated type of renal cell carcinoma and pathologically not clear in 2 cases (4.8％).Clinical manifestations were not specific.In 42 adrenal tumors,20 situated in the left,and 17 right,and 5 were bilateral.35 cases were considered primary adrenal tumors,in which 3 were diagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism,32 were non-functional tumors.Other 7 were non-functional matastatic carcinomas.25 patients underwent resection of adrenal tumors,and pathology revealed 22 (88.0％) were primary,in which 12 (54.6％) were cortical adenomas,7 (31.9％) hyperplasia,1 (4.5 ％) pheochromocytoma,1 (4.5 ％) ganglioneuroma,1 (4.5 ％)adenoma with hyperplasia;2 (8.0％)metastatic tumors,and 1 (4.0％) non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma.The mean diameter of primary adrenal tumors was 1.9 cm,while that of metastatic carcinoma was 3.84 cm.25 underwent abdominal ultrasonography,40 underwent computed tomography (CT) scan,6 underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan,positive rate was 72.0％,97.5％,and 100.0％ respectively.25 patients who underwent surgery were followed up,17 survived for 8 months-6 years,4 died,in which 1 metastatic carcinoma died of intraoperative bleeding,1 died of adrenal lymphoma,2 died because of other disease,4 were lost to follow-up.Conclusions The most common type of renal carcinoma combined with adrenal tumors was clear cell carcinoma,while majority of the adrenal tumors were primary with non-specific clinical manifestations and function.The adrenal tumors might be located in the same or the opposite side of renal carcinoma,also might be bilateral which were more common in metastatic carcinomas and always bigger than primary ones.CT/MRI scans were important in judging the nature of the tumors and pathology was the gold standard.The non-functioning primary adrenal tumors could be safely followed up,and the isolated metastatic carcinoma should be resected.Prognosis depends mainly on that of renal carcinoma.