HIV-1 Subtype Diversity and Factors Affecting Drug Resistance among Patients with Virologic Failure in Antiretroviral Therapy in Hainan Province, China, 2014-2020 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to determine the HIV-1 subtype distribution and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in patients with ART failure from 2014 to 2020 in Hainan, China.@*METHODS@#A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients with ART failure in Hainan. We used online subtyping tools and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to confirm the HIV subtypes with pol sequences. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.@*RESULTS@#A total of 307 HIV-infected patients with ART failure were included, and 241 available pol sequences were obtained. Among 241 patients, CRF01_AE accounted for 68.88%, followed by CRF07_BC (17.00%) and eight other subtypes (14.12%). The overall prevalence of HIVDR was 61.41%, and the HIVDR against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 59.75%, 45.64%, and 2.49%, respectively. Unemployed patients, hypoimmunity or opportunistic infections in individuals, and samples from 2017 to 2020 increased the odd ratios of HIVDR. Also, HIVDR was less likely to affect female patients. The common DRMs to NNRTIs were K103N (21.99%) and Y181C (20.33%), and M184V (28.21%) and K65R (19.09%) were the main DRMs against NRTIs.@*CONCLUSION@#The present study highlights the HIV-1 subtype diversity in Hainan and the importance of HIVDR surveillance over a long period.

Esculetin protects against early sepsis via attenuating inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and STAT1/STAT3 signaling / 中国天然药物

Esculetin, a natural derivative from the traditional and widely-used Chinese medicinal herb Cortex Fraxini, has a variety of pharmacological effects, especially in anti-inflammation. However, it is not clear whether esculetin has a therapeutic effect on sepsis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of esculetin on early sepsis. The results showed that the lung injury was significantly relieved with the treatment of esculetin, accompanied with the restrained production of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2 and iNOS during the early phase of E.coli-induced sepsis. Of note, activation of NF-κB and STAT1/STAT3 signals, the main upstream signals of many inflammatory factors, were attenuated by esculetin in both lung tissues from septic mice and LPS-stimulated macrophage. These findings suggested that the protection of esculetin against early sepsis should be related to its anti-inflammatory effect, which was at least partly due to its inhibition on NF-κB and STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway in macrophage. Thus, esculetin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent by rebalancing innate immune response in macrophage for the treatment of early sepsis.

Perforator artery with stripped pedicle improves the survival of propeller flap: An analysis in clinical effect / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To compare the effect of stripped perforator pedicle on the survival of perforator flap.Methods:From January, 2015 to December, 2019, 44 patients with soft tissue defects of distal shank and ankle were repaired with perforating vessel pedicled propeller flap. According to the nudity of the perforator pedicle, the patients were divided into 2 groups: stripped group ( n=14) and non-stripped group ( n=30). The gender, age, history of smoking, history of diabetes, location of wound, size of flap, perforator artery of flap, closure method of donor site, degree of flap swelling 3 days after operation, percentage of survival area of flap 7 days after operation and postoperative complications were analysed retrospectively. Data were analyzed statistically. The difference was statistically significant when P<0.05. Results:There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, smoking history, diabetes history, wound location, size of flap, perforator artery and donor site closure( P<0.05). The degree of swelling of flap in the stripped group 3 days after operation [(+) 94.00%, (++) 6.00%, (+++) 0.00%, (++++) 0.00%)] was less than that in the non-stripped group [(+)47.00%, (++) 29.00%, (+++) 13.00%, (++++) 11.00%)] . The difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups( P<0.05). The percentage of flap survival area in the stripped group [(100.00±0.00) %] was higher than that in the non-stripped group [(88.23±21.29)%] , and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the stripped group(0.00%) was lower than that in the non-stripped group (39.00%). The difference heel statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:The stripped pedicle of the perforating vessel can promote a better survival of the arterial perforating branch propeller flap, and the degree of postoperative swelling and complications of the flap are lower.

Efficacy of apolipoprotein 2-Jifusheng in the treatment of osteomyelitis in rabbits / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of one-stage treatment of bone morphogenetic protein 2 combined with Jifusheng in the experimental model of osteomyelitis in rabbits.@*METHODS@#The model of chronic osteomyelitis of tibia was established in 30 3-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits with a body weight of (2.0±0.5) kg, and the model was verified 4 weeks after operation. Thirty rabbits with osteomyelitis were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rabbits in each group (@*RESULTS@#At 4 weeks after operation, 30 rabbits with osteomyelitis were successfully validated. The results of serological examination showed that the hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count(WBC)in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank group at 2 and 4 weeks after operation. Eight weeks after treatment, the detection of blood indexes showed that the white blood cell count (WBC)and hypersensitive C reactive protein (CRP)in treatment group A and treatment group B were significantly lower than those in the model group (@*CONCLUSION@#The combined application of apolipoprotein 2-Jifusheng can promote bone repair and reduce the inflammation of the focus. it can treat rabbits with osteomyelitis in one stage, provide objective basis for the formulation of clinical treatment strategy of osteomyelitis and further promote clinical research.

Relationship between Blood Acetaldehyde Concentration and Psychomotor Function of Individuals with Different ALDH2 Genotypes after Alcohol Consumption / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the change rules of blood ethanol and blood acetaldehyde concentration, the impairment of psychomotor functions of different acetaldehyde dehydrogenase （ALDH） 2 genotype individuals after alcohol consumption and the relationship among them. Methods The ALDH2 genotypes in seventy-nine healthy volunteers were obtained by SNaPshotTM method, then divided into ALDH2*1/*1 （wild type） and ALDH2*1/*2 （mutant type） group. After volunteers consumed 1.0 g/kg of alcohol, blood ethanol concentration and blood acetaldehyde concentration at a series of time points before and after alcohol consumption and psychomotor functions, such as, visual selective response time, auditory simple response time and tracking experiment were detected. Biphasic alcohol response questionnaires were collected. Results After alcohol consumption, ALDH2*1/*2 group's blood ethanol and blood acetaldehyde concentration reached the peak earlier than ALDH2*1/*1 group. Its blood acetaldehyde concentration was higher than that of ALDH2*1/*1 group, 1-6 h after alcohol consumption. The psychomotor functions, such as visual selective response time and auditory simple response time in ALDH2*1/*2 group were more significantly impaired than those in ALDH2*1/*1 group after alcohol consumption. There was no statistical significance between the two groups in excitement or sedation reactions （P>0.05）. Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that blood acetaldehyde concentration was related with psychomotor function. Conclusion There are significant differences between the psychomotor function of ALDH2 wild type and mutant type individuals after alcohol consumption estimated to be related to the difference in blood acetaldehyde concentration after alcohol consumption.

Effect of Lyn on expression of MUC5AC in human bronchial epithelial cells induced by house dust mite and its mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the effect of Lyn on the expression of MUC5AC in human bronchial epithelial cells induced by house dust mite(HDM),and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:The human bronchial epithelial cells(16 HBE)were divided into PBS group and HDM group(1 μg·L-1HDM).The cells were transfected by liposome.The luciferase report gene of MUC5AC promoter was constructed.The relative luciferase unit(RLU)was detected by double luciferase report gene assay.The expression of MUC5AC in the cells was detected by immunofluorescence technique and observed by confocal microscope.The expression level of STAT6 in the 16HBE cells was detected by Western blotting method.Results:The results of double luciferase report gene assay showed that the RLU in HDM group was higher than that in PBS group(P<0.05).The RLU of cells in HDM group treated with LynsiRNA intervention was higher than that of the cells without LynsiRNA intervention(P<0.05).The immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the expression level of MUC5AC in HDM group was higher than that in PBS group(P<0.05),and the expression level of MUC5AC in HDM group was increased after LynsiRNA intervention(P<0.05).The Western blotting results indicated that the expression level of STAT6 was up-regulated in HDM group when the cells were intervened with LynsiRNA(P<0.05). Conclusion:Deficiencyof Lyn can increase the expression of MUC5AC in the human bronchial epithelial cells,and its mechanism may be related to regulating the STAT6 signal pathway by Lyn.

Effects of Compound Malt Pill on Gene Expressions of Androgen Receptor and Insulin Receptor in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rat Models / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the effects of Compound Malt Pill on gene expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and insulin receptor (INSR) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) rats; To discuss its relevant mechanism of action.Methods Letrozole was used to induce and establish rat models. Rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Diane-35 group, low-, medium- and high-dose Compound Malt Pill groups. The normal group and model group received normal saline by gavage; the Diane-35 group was given Diane-35 by gavage; Compound Malt Pill groups were respectively given different concentrations by gavage for 21 d. The levels of serum testosterone (T) and insulin were measured by ELISA, and the gene expressions of AR and INSR were measured by RT-PCR. Results Compared with normal group, the serum T, insulin and the gene expressions of AR and INSR in model group increased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01); compared with model group, the serum T, insulin and the gene expressions of AR and INSR in low-, medium- and high-dose Compound Malt Pill groups decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion Compound Malt Pill can adjust endocrine-metabolic disorder in PCOS rats.

Effects of compound malt pills on expressions of ERα and ERβ in ovaries of rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of compound malt pills (CMP) on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) rat model induced by letrozole and the underlying mechanisms.
@*METHODS@#To establish a PCOS rat model, 48 female SD rats aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): A normal group, a model control group, a positive control group, a low-dose CMP group, a middle-dose CMP group, and a high-dose CMP group. Rats were treated for 21 days after the PCOS model was successfully established. Ovarian morphology changes were observed, and the expressions of ERα and ERβ was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively.
@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the number of follicular cystic dilatation in the model control group was increased and the granulosa cells were decreased. After the treatment, the number of follicular cystic dilatation was reduced compared with the model control group, but the primordial follicles, corpus luteum and granulosa cells were increased. The expressions of ERα and ERβ in the model control group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), which were increased in the intervention groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
@*CONCLUSION@#CMP may play a role in the treatment of PCOS by regulating the expressions of ERα and ERβ.

Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating mast cells in colorectal cancer patients / 中华消化外科杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between tumor-infiltrating mast cell (TIM) and the clinicopathological and prognostic factors of patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsA total of 282 cases of paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer specimens were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2002 to December 2005.The density of TIM was determined by immunohistochemical staining.According to the mean TIM density detected [ ( 8.4 + 6.5 )/HPF ],all the patients were divided into low-TIM density group (mean TIM density ＜8.4/HPF) and high-TIM density group (mean TIM density ＞8.4/HPF).The clinicopathological factors and the prognosis of patients between high-TIM density group and low-TIM density group were compared.All data were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test.The survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival of the patients was analyzed by the Log-rank test.The clinicopathological factors were analyzed retrospectively with the univariate and multivariate COX regression model.ResultsTIM was detected in all the patients with colorectal cancer.Significant differences were observed in the number of patients in N stage and TNM stage between patients in the high-TIM density group and those in the lowTIM density group (x2 =6.025,7.410,P ＜ 0.05 ).All patients were followed up till September 2010,the 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates of patients were 82.9％ and 63.1％ in the low-TIM density group,79.0％ and 59.3％ in the high-TIM density group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).COX proportional hazard regression model revealed that high density of TIM was associated with short overall survival time and tumor-free survival time of colorectal cancer patients ( RR =2.119,95 ％ CI 1.326- 3.386; RR =2.084,95 ％ CI 1.357-3.199,P ＜0.05).The resuhs of multivariate analysis showed that high density of TIM was the independent factor influencing the overall survival time and tumor-free survival time (RR =1.651,95％ CI 1.009-2.702; RR =1.680,95％ CI 1.074-2.629,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionHigh density of TIM is correlated with the N stage and TNM stage of colorectal cancer,and it is an independent predictor of poor survival for patients with colorectal cancer.