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Objective@#To understand the characteristics of adulthood weight change through the analysis on data from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Study of 0.5 million adults from ten areas in China.@*Methods@#An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the information about the body weight at age 25 years, social-demographic characteristics and lifestyle of the study subjects and their body weight were measured. After excluding the adults with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer or diabetes and those who had no data of body weight at age 25 years and those aged outside of 35-70 years, a total of 360 903 adults were included in the analysis. Adulthood weight change were defined as difference value between current body weight and body weight at age 25 years.@*Results@#The mean adulthood weight change of the participants was 4.9 kg. The adults living in urban area showed more body weight increase compared with those living in rural area, so did the adults in northern area compared with those in southern area. Among the ten areas in China, Qingdao reported the highest adulthood weight increase (9.3 kg), and Gansu reported the lowest adulthood weight increase (1.5 kg). Older adults had higher BMI at early adulthood (25 years old), but the adults aged 45-50 years had the highest adulthood body weight increase. Adults with higher educational level, higher household income level, but lower physical activity level had more body weight increase, while current smokers, farmers and workers had less body weight increase. BMI at age 25 years was negatively associated with adulthood body weight change, but current BMI was positively associated with adulthood body weight change (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Adulthood body weight change varied greatly among population with different demographic characteristics and lifestyle and in ten areas in China.
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Objective To examine the prevalence of'healthy lifestyle'from data extracted from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 0.5 million adults from ten areas across China.Methods After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease,stroke or cancer,a total of 487 198 participants at baseline (2004-2008) and 22 604 participants at second survey (2013-2014),were included for analysis.'Healthy lifestyle'was defined as haing the following characteristics:a) never smoking or having stopped smoking for reasons other than illness;b) alcohol drinking ＜25 g/day (men)/＜ 15 g/day (women);c) diet rich in vegetables,fruits,legumes and fish,but low in red meat;d) upper quarter of the physical activity level;e) body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 and waist circumstance ＜85 cm (men)/80 cm (women).We calculated the healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) by counting the number of all the healthy lifestyle factors,with a range from 0 to 6.Results At baseline,prevalence rates of the above five healthy lifestyles (except physical activity) were 70.6％,92.6％,8.7％,52.6％ and 59.0％,respectively,with the mean HLS being 3.1± 1.2.Most participants (81.4％) had 2-4 healthy components,while only 0.7％ (0.2％ in men and 1.0％ in women) of all the participants had all six healthy lifestyles.Participants who were women,at younger age,with more schooling and rural residents,were more likely to adhere to the healthy lifestyle.After ten years,the mean HLS showed a slight decrease.Conclusion The prevalence of optimal lifestyles in Chinese adults appeared extremely low.Levels of'healthy lifestyle'varied greatly among those populations with different socio-demographic characteristics across the ten areas in China.
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Objective To examine the prevalence of'healthy lifestyle'from data extracted from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 0.5 million adults from ten areas across China.Methods After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease,stroke or cancer,a total of 487 198 participants at baseline (2004-2008) and 22 604 participants at second survey (2013-2014),were included for analysis.'Healthy lifestyle'was defined as haing the following characteristics:a) never smoking or having stopped smoking for reasons other than illness;b) alcohol drinking ＜25 g/day (men)/＜ 15 g/day (women);c) diet rich in vegetables,fruits,legumes and fish,but low in red meat;d) upper quarter of the physical activity level;e) body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 and waist circumstance ＜85 cm (men)/80 cm (women).We calculated the healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) by counting the number of all the healthy lifestyle factors,with a range from 0 to 6.Results At baseline,prevalence rates of the above five healthy lifestyles (except physical activity) were 70.6％,92.6％,8.7％,52.6％ and 59.0％,respectively,with the mean HLS being 3.1± 1.2.Most participants (81.4％) had 2-4 healthy components,while only 0.7％ (0.2％ in men and 1.0％ in women) of all the participants had all six healthy lifestyles.Participants who were women,at younger age,with more schooling and rural residents,were more likely to adhere to the healthy lifestyle.After ten years,the mean HLS showed a slight decrease.Conclusion The prevalence of optimal lifestyles in Chinese adults appeared extremely low.Levels of'healthy lifestyle'varied greatly among those populations with different socio-demographic characteristics across the ten areas in China.
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Objective To examine the associations between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyle in adults in China.Methods Data were from the baseline and second survey of China Kadoorie Biobank study,which were conducted during 2004-2008 and 2013-2014,respectively.After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease,stroke,cancer or diabetes,a total of 461 213 adults from baseline survey and 20 583 adults from second survey were included in the current study.Participants who reported a family history of acute myocardial infarction,stroke,cancer,or diabetes of any first-degree relative (i.e.,biological father,mother,or siblings) were defined as having a family history of majoi chronic diseases.Healthy lifestyles were defined as current nonsmoking,non-excessive alcohol drinking,eating vegetables and fruits daily,upper quarter of physical activity level,body mass index (BMI) of (18.5-23.9) kg/m2,and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ＜0.90 (man)/＜0.85 (women).Results At baseline survey,36.5％ of the participants had family history of major chronic diseases.Proportions of the above six healthy lifestyles were 70.5％,93.0％,18.0％,25.0％,53.4％,and 43.5％,respectively.Compared with participants without family history,the proportions of current nonsmoking,non-excessive drinking,normal BMI,and normal WHR were lower in participants with family history of major chronic diseases,while the proportions of eating vegetables and fruits daily,and being physically active,were higher.In general,the absolute differences in these proportions between participants with and without a family history were only slight.Similar results were observed when other family history status (the type or number of disease,the category or number of affected family members) were analysed.The association between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyles was consistently observed in the second survey 10 years later.Conclusion In Chinese population,adults with family history of major chronic diseases did not adopt healthier lifestyles.
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Objective To examine the sex-specific associations between tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults.Methods The present analysis included 487 373 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank after excluding those with cancer,heart diseases,stroke at baseline survey.The baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008.The number of follow-up years was calculated from the time that the participants completed baseline survey to the time of any event:CVD incidence,death,loss of follow-up,or December 31,2015,whichever occurred first.We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HRs and 95％CI of incident cardiovascular diseases with tobacco smoking.Results During a median follow-up of 8.9 years (a total of 4.1 million person years),we documented 33 947 cases of ischemic heart diseases,6 048 cases of major coronary diseases,7 794 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage,and 31 722 cases of cerebral infarction.The prevalence of smoking was much higher in men (67.9％) than in women (2.7％).Smoking increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases.Compared with nonsmokers,the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95％CI) for current smokers were 1.54 (1.43-1.66) for major coronary event,1.28 (1.24-1.32) for ischemic heart disease,1.18 (1.14-1.22) for cerebral infarction,and 1.07 (1.00-1.15) for intracerebral hemorrhage,respectively.Female smokers tended to have greater risk of developing major coronary event associated with amount of tobacco smoked daily (interaction P=0.006) and age when smoking started (interaction P=0.011).There was no sex difference in these two effects for ischemic heart diseases,intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction (all interaction P＞0.05).Conclusions This prospective study confirmed increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases in current smokers.Smoking was more harmful to women than to men for major coronary event.
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Objective To examine the associations between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyle in adults in China.Methods Data were from the baseline and second survey of China Kadoorie Biobank study,which were conducted during 2004-2008 and 2013-2014,respectively.After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease,stroke,cancer or diabetes,a total of 461 213 adults from baseline survey and 20 583 adults from second survey were included in the current study.Participants who reported a family history of acute myocardial infarction,stroke,cancer,or diabetes of any first-degree relative (i.e.,biological father,mother,or siblings) were defined as having a family history of majoi chronic diseases.Healthy lifestyles were defined as current nonsmoking,non-excessive alcohol drinking,eating vegetables and fruits daily,upper quarter of physical activity level,body mass index (BMI) of (18.5-23.9) kg/m2,and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ＜0.90 (man)/＜0.85 (women).Results At baseline survey,36.5％ of the participants had family history of major chronic diseases.Proportions of the above six healthy lifestyles were 70.5％,93.0％,18.0％,25.0％,53.4％,and 43.5％,respectively.Compared with participants without family history,the proportions of current nonsmoking,non-excessive drinking,normal BMI,and normal WHR were lower in participants with family history of major chronic diseases,while the proportions of eating vegetables and fruits daily,and being physically active,were higher.In general,the absolute differences in these proportions between participants with and without a family history were only slight.Similar results were observed when other family history status (the type or number of disease,the category or number of affected family members) were analysed.The association between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyles was consistently observed in the second survey 10 years later.Conclusion In Chinese population,adults with family history of major chronic diseases did not adopt healthier lifestyles.
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Objective To examine the sex-specific associations between tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults.Methods The present analysis included 487 373 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank after excluding those with cancer,heart diseases,stroke at baseline survey.The baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008.The number of follow-up years was calculated from the time that the participants completed baseline survey to the time of any event:CVD incidence,death,loss of follow-up,or December 31,2015,whichever occurred first.We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HRs and 95％CI of incident cardiovascular diseases with tobacco smoking.Results During a median follow-up of 8.9 years (a total of 4.1 million person years),we documented 33 947 cases of ischemic heart diseases,6 048 cases of major coronary diseases,7 794 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage,and 31 722 cases of cerebral infarction.The prevalence of smoking was much higher in men (67.9％) than in women (2.7％).Smoking increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases.Compared with nonsmokers,the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95％CI) for current smokers were 1.54 (1.43-1.66) for major coronary event,1.28 (1.24-1.32) for ischemic heart disease,1.18 (1.14-1.22) for cerebral infarction,and 1.07 (1.00-1.15) for intracerebral hemorrhage,respectively.Female smokers tended to have greater risk of developing major coronary event associated with amount of tobacco smoked daily (interaction P=0.006) and age when smoking started (interaction P=0.011).There was no sex difference in these two effects for ischemic heart diseases,intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction (all interaction P＞0.05).Conclusions This prospective study confirmed increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases in current smokers.Smoking was more harmful to women than to men for major coronary event.