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1.
PUJ-Parasitologists United Journal. 2012; 5 (2): 165-174
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-160278

RESUMO

Giardia lamblia is one of the most common diarrhea-related parasites in humans, where infection ranges from asymptomatic to acute or chronic disease. Because of the non-characteristic symptoms of giardiasis, as well as significant prevalence of cyst carriers, it is necessary to upgrade parasitological techniques for examination of feces, in order to avoid false negative results. Accurate diagnosis is important to exclude other parasitic causes of diarrhea. The present study is designed to assess the efficacy of flow cytometry [FC] as a sensitive method for detection of G. lamblia cysts in stool samples in comparison with other standard conventional diagnostic methods. 70 patients [30 males and 40 females] ranging in age from 5 to 60 years were included in this study. Stool samples were taken from each patient on three successive days to detect Giardia cysts and evaluate the intensity of infection. Different methods were used that included concentration methods, permanent stained slides, immunofluorescent antibody test [IFAT] and FC. Giardia lamblia cysts were detected in 24 samples by IFAT with detection rate of 34.3%. Using trichrome stain 20 samples [28.6%] were positive, modified Ziehl- Neelsen Stain [MZN] detected 11samples [15.7%], while Acridine Orange [AO] detected 14 positive samples [20%]. Flow cytometry detected 18 samples with detection rate of 25.7%. Sensitivity and specificity of FC were 90% and 100%, respectively and IFAT sensitivity and specificity were100% and 92%, respectively. Results of the present study clearly demonstrated that incorporation of IFAT and FC can improve sensitivity of detection of Giardia cysts in stool samples. Although FC is more expensive than the other staining methods and IFAT, it is rapid, simple and accurate in estimating the quantity of parasites in each sample. Thus, FC can be recommended for detection of protozoa in stool


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo/estatística & dados numéricos , Fezes/parasitologia , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/estatística & dados numéricos , Compostos Azo/efeitos adversos , Laranja de Acridina/efeitos adversos
2.
PUJ-Parasitologists United Journal. 2012; 5 (2): 189-198
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-160280

RESUMO

The outcome of toxoplasmosis is strongly dependent on the virulence of Toxoplasma gondii strains. Infection of mice with the high-virulence T. gondii RH strain induces inflammatory cytokine over production and causes their rapid death. The outcome of toxoplasmosis is strongly dependent on the virulence of Toxoplasma gondii strains. Infection of mice with the high-virulence T. gondii RH strain induces inflammatory cytokine over production and causes their rapid death. T. gondii induced apoptosis was studied, and DNA damage in spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes was evaluated by analysis of DNA fragmentation. The level of DNA damage was assessed by the extent of DNA migration in peripheral blood leukocytes using comet assay. This study was carried out on 2 groups [II and III] of mice experimentally infected with T. gondii RH tachyzoites strain, sacrificed at 2[nd] and 7[th] days post-infection [PI], respectively. In addition, none infected control group [I] was sacrificed at 7[th] day PI. Infection with high virulence T. gondii strain caused apoptosis and high level of DNA damage especially with prolongation of acute infection. Greater DNA fragmentation and intensity of apoptotic laddering was recorded in splenocytes and blood leukocytes of group III compared to those of group II. In infected groups, there was significant increase in DNA migration in comet tail in peripheral blood compared with the control group. Strongly damaged spots were significantly higher in group III than in group II. Additionally, caspase 3 immunostain showed positive reaction in splenic section of infected groups. Infection with virulent strains of T. gondii caused DNA damage with a genetic hazard to infected blood leukocytes. Apoptosis detected in splenocytes explains the rapid lethality of infected mice during acute infection


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA/genética , Fragmentação do DNA/genética , Ensaio Cometa/estatística & dados numéricos , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoptose/genética
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